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    Temp and Heat Chapter 10

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    erika
    This document discusses key concepts related to temperature and heat transfer, including: - Temperature can be measured using thermometers like mercury thermometers that rely on the thermometric property of material expansion. - The first law of thermodynamics states that the internal energy of a system changes due to heat transfer and work. - Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change an object's temperature. - Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves.

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    Temp and Heat Chapter 10

    Uploaded by

    erika
    33 views18 pages
    This document discusses key concepts related to temperature and heat transfer, including: - Temperature can be measured using thermometers like mercury thermometers that rely on the thermometric property of material expansion. - The first law of thermodynamics states that the internal energy of a system changes due to heat transfer and work. - Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change an object's temperature. - Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves.

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    This document discusses key concepts related to temperature and heat transfer, including: - Temperature can be measured using thermometers like mercury thermometers that rely on the thermometric property of material expansion. - The first law of thermodynamics states that the internal energy of a system changes due to heat transfer and work. - Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change an object's temperature. - Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views18 pages

    Temp and Heat Chapter 10

    Uploaded by

    erika
    This document discusses key concepts related to temperature and heat transfer, including: - Temperature can be measured using thermometers like mercury thermometers that rely on the thermometric property of material expansion. - The first law of thermodynamics states that the internal energy of a system changes due to heat transfer and work. - Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to change an object's temperature. - Heat transfer can occur via conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact, convection involves fluid movement, and radiation uses electromagnetic waves.

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    You are on page 1of 18

    Chapter-10

    Temperature and Heat


    1 Temperature and First Law of Thermodynamics
    2Heat and Specific Heat Capacity
    3First Law of Thermodynamics
    4Ideal Gas law
    5The Flow of Heat
    6Essay Topic for Final: Global Warming
    Body Temperature

    Thermometer Thermometric Property

    Mercury thermometer Length of mercury column

    Constant-volume gas thermometer Pressure of the gas

    Thermocouple Voltage

    Ear thermometer Infrared radiation


    The zeroth Law of
    Thermodynamics

    Consider three systems A, B, & T.

    If system A is in thermal equilibrium


    with system T and system B is in
    thermal equilibrium with system T,
    then systems A and B are in thermal
    equilibrium with each other.
    Thermometer

    Standard Temperatures Calibration


    Temperature Conversion
      Fahrenheit Celsius
    9 scale scale
    Tf  Tc  32 Boiling point of 212 100
    5 water
         
         
    Unknown Tf Tc
    temperature  
       

    Freezing point of 32 0
    water
    Absolute Zero
    Temperature

    Tk  Tc  273
    Temp. Conversion Problems
    E1 & E4
    9
    Tf  Tc  32 T k  Tc  273
    5
    E1: An object has a temperature of 45°C. What is its temperature
    in °F?

    E4: The temperature on a warm summer day is 95 degrees F. What


    is this temperature
    a. In degrees Celsius?
    b. In Kelvin?
    Heat

    Heat is energy that flows from a higher-temperature object


    to a lower-temperature object because of the difference in
    temperatures.
    Units for Heat
    SI unit for heat is the joule, J.
    Calorie is another unit for heat. It comes with a lower case and an
    upper case.
    Nutritionists use the word “Calorie,” with a capital C, to specify
    the energy content of foods. For example, a regular 12-oz can of
    soda has about 140 Calories.
    The cgs unit of heat is the calorie, with a lower case. One calorie
    (1 cal) is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the
    temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree.
    1 food Calorie = 1000 calories = 1 kcal
    1 calorie = 4.186 J.
    Specific Heat Capacity
    Specific heat capacity of a material is the quantity of heat
    needed to change a unit mass of the material by a unit change in
    temperature. It is a property of the material.
    Specific Heat Capacities of Some Common Substances
    Substance Specific heat capacity
    [cal/(g. C°)]
    Water 1.0
    Ice 0.49
    Steam 0.48
    Ethyl alcohol 0.58
    Steel 0.11
    Aluminum 0.215
    Lead 0.0305
    Heat Q
    The heat Q that must be supplied or removed to change
    the temperature of a substance of mass m by an amount
    T is,
    Q  mcT
    where c is the specific heat capacity of the substance.
    Unit for Specific Heat Capacity:
    SI: J/(kg · C°)
    cgs: cal/(g. C°)

    E6: How much heat is required to raise the temperature


    of 70 g of water from 20°C to 80°C?
    Calorimetry
    SP4: A 150-g of a certain metal,
    initially at 120°C, is dropped into
    an insulated beaker containing 100
    g of water at 20°C. The final
    temperature of the system is 35°C.
    Ignore the heat capacity of the
    beaker.
    a.How much heat has been
    transferred to the water from the
    metal?
    b.What is the specific heat capacity
    of the metal?
    Phase Changes: Latent Heat

    Latent heat changes the phase of water without changing its temperature.
    Latent heat of fusion of water = Lf = 80 cal/g.
    Latent heat of vaporization of water = Lv = 540 cal/g.

    E8: How much heat must be added to 60-g of ice at 0°C to


    melt completely?
    The First Law of
    Thermodynamics
    The internal energy of a system changes from an initial value
    Ui to a final value of Uf due to heat Q and work W:

    ΔU = Q - W
    Ideal Gas Law

    PV =NkT
    The Flow of Heat
    Heat can flow via conduction, convection,
    and radiation.
    Conduction and Convection

    When a metal block and a


    wooden block, both at room Convection is the process in which
    temperature, are picked up, heat is carried from place to place
    the metal block feels cooler, by the bulk movement of a fluid.
    due to conduction of heat.
    Conduction is the process
    whereby heat is transferred
    directly through a material.
    Thermos Bottle Radiation
    Radiation is the process in
    which energy is transferred by
    means of electromagnetic
    waves.
    Heat transfer by radiation can
    take place through vacuum.
    This is because
    electromagnetic waves are
    involved in radiation and they
    can propagate through empty
    space.
    Q30: Which heat transfer process is
    responsible when heat flows through a
    glass windowpane?

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