Reproductive System

The Human Body: The
Reproductive System
10th Grade Science
Mr. Cenando J. Bodanio Jr

The Human Reproductive System
What you need to know:
 What are the organs of the female

reproductive system?
 What are the organs of the male

reproductive system?
 What are sex cells?

• Male Reproductive • Female Reproductive
System System
 Sort the keywords into two lists: one for the
male system and one for the female system
Male Female
Sperm
Scrotum
Vagina Testes
Oviduct Ovary Uterus
Cervix
Ovum
Sperm duct
What you need to do:
 Complete the Human Reproductive System

worksheet
Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Penis
 Urethra
 Vas Deferens
 Scrotum
 Testes
 Bladder*
*Not a part of the reproductive
system
External Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Penis: the external
reproductive organ,
organ urethra
passes through the penis and
allows urine and semen to exit
the body.
 Scrotum: a sac or pouch which
holds the testes.
 The function of the scrotum is to
maintain the proper temperature of
the testes.
 Sperm is destroyed unless a
temperature of 97o is maintained.
Internal Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Bladder*: holds urine
prior to urination.
Urine leaves the
bladder via the urethra.
 Urethra: a tube which
allows urine and
semen to exit the
body. Connects to
the bladder
Internal Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Vas deferens: a tube
which connects the testes
to the urethra and allows
semen to exit the body.
 Testes: two glands which
produce sperm and
hormones (testosterone)
Outline the route taken from
the testes by the sperm as it
leaves the body
Sperm leaves the testes and

travels down the sperm duct...
... which travels past/through
the glands.
The glands provide the
sperm cells with food so that
they have energy for
swimming
The sperm duct joins the
urethra...
... which carries the sperm
out of the body.
Male – Path of the Sperm
Testes
Epididymis
Vas deferens
urethra
Organs of the Male
Reproductive System
 Let’s fill in our diagrams of the male
reproductive system.
Organs of the Female
Reproductive System
 Vagina
 Cervix
 Uterus
 Fallopian Tubes
 Ovary
Reproductive System
 Vagina: also called
the birth canal,
canal a tube
leading from the
uterus to the outside
of the body.
 Cervix: the lower
portion of the uterus;
where the vagina and
uterus meet.
Reproductive System
 Uterus: a hollow,
fist-sized organ
located between the
bladder and rectum.
 Fallopian Tubes:
also called oviducts;
are two tubes
connecting the
uterus with the
ovaries.
Reproductive System
 Ovaries: small organs on the ends
the Fallopian tubes responsible for
production and release of eggs (ova
pl).
 Females are born with all of the eggs t
will ever produce.
 Ovaries alternate the release of eggs
each month.
 Like testes, the ovaries produce
hormones-estrogen.
 This release of the ova is called ovulat
Female – Path of the Egg
Ovary
Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Uterus (womb)
Cervix
Vagina
Reproductive System
 Lets label the parts of the female
reproductive system now.
male
The ______
*
reproductive
* Bladder
system
* Gland *Sperm duct
* Penis
* Urethra
* Testes
* Scrotum
*female reproductive system
The ________
* Oviduct
* Ovary * Uterus
* Cervix * Vagina
UTERUS  Sometimes called the womb – if an egg is fertilised it will
implant in the wall of the uterus and develop into a
foetus
CERVIX  The opening or ‘neck’ of the uterus at the top of the vagina.
VAGINA  Connects the cervix to the outside of the body - sperm is

deposited here by the penis during sex
OVUM  The female sex cell – sometimes called an ‘egg’.
OVARY  After puberty, egg or ovum is released from here once every
28 days or so.
OVIDUCT  Carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus – the egg is
fertilised here.
SPERM The male sex cell – it is adapted to swim from the vagina to the
egg.
TESTES  After puberty, these make sperm continuously.
SCROTUM  A sac of skin which holds the testes .

SEE VIDEOS THE OVULATION
AND MENSTRUAL CYCLE
The Menstrual Cycle
 The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days;
approximately 1 month.
 One cycle is the amount of time from the
beginning of one period to the beginning of the
next period.
 The beginning of a period is marked by the
release of the blood and lining from the inside
of the uterus.
 This flow of blood typically lasts 3-7 days and is
called menstruation.
The Menstrual Cycle
 After menstruation, the ovaries release hormones
that tell the uterus to grow a new lining and prepare
to receive a new egg.
 As the uterus prepares a new lining, one of the
ovaries releases an egg. This is called ovulation.
 Ovulation occurs about halfway through a
woman’s cycle.
 The egg travels through the Fallopian tube. If it is
not fertilized it breaks down and is released with the
lining and blood of the uterus.
See detailed steps and
diagram on the book
Menstrual Cycle Timeline
Menstrual Cycle Timeline
The Menstrual Cycle and
Fertilization
 If the egg is fertilized by a sperm cell, the egg
will implant in the lining of the uterus and
begin to develop.
 Zygote: The first cells of a new organism; the time
from fertilization to implantation.
 Embryo: The zygote is called an embryo from
implantation to 8 weeks.
 Fetus: After 8 weeks of development, the embryo
is known as a fetus.
Genetics & Inheritance
 Gregor Mendel: 1822-1884.
 Austrian monk who is often called the “Father of
Genetics”
 Studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants
 His research has led to a greater understanding
of dominant and recessive traits, as well as how
to predict the probability of those traits in offspring
Genetics & Inheritance:
Important Vocabulary
 Phenotype: the observed traits of an organism.
Example: hair color
 Genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism.
Example: the gene that says what your hair color
will be.
 Gene: a region of DNA that describes a trait of an
organism.
 Example: eye color gene
 Allele: a different form of a gene
 Example: brown eye color allele, blue eye color allele
Genetics & Inheritance:
Important Vocabulary
 Dominant allele: Traits that mask the effect of other
traits
 Recessive allele: Traits that are masked by
dominant traits
 Examples of dominant and recessive traits
 Heterozygous: the organism has one dominant
allele and one recessive allele. Example: Bb
 Homozygous: the organism has either 2 dominant
alleles or 2 recessive alleles. Example: BB or bb
Predicting patterns of heredity:
Punnett Squares
 A man who is heterozygous for brown eyes
marries a woman who is homozygous
recessive for blue eyes. What are the
phenotypes, genotypes of their 4 children?
B b
b Bb bb
b Bb bb
Pedigree Charts
 A pedigree chart is a family tree showing
genetic information.
 A represents males, while represents
females. or means that the individual
shows the trait.
 Married people:
 Children:
Pedigree Charts
 Pictures of the traits you can use in your pedi
gree chart.
Twins
 Multiple eggs are released or there is
more than one ovulation. Both (or more)
eggs are fertilized and you have fraternal
twins.
 One egg is released but splits in two.
Identical twins are made. If the egg does
not completely split in two, conjoined
twins are produced.
Chromosomal Disorders
 http://www.pregnancy-info.net/chromosomal_
abnormalities.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_di
sorders
 http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/Lib_chro.ht
m
 http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?
id=209

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The Human Body: The

10th Grade Science

Mr. Cenando J. Bodanio Jr

What you need to know:

 What are the organs of the female

 What are the organs of the male

 What are sex cells?

 Complete the Human Reproductive System

Sperm leaves the testes and

Fallopian tube (oviduct)

* Gland *Sperm duct

VAGINA  Connects the cervix to the outside of the body - sperm is

SCROTUM  A sac of skin which holds the testes .

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