Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    The Central Dogma of Life

    Uploaded by

    Aminul Islam Arafat 2132536642
    The document discusses the central dogma of biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA codes for a specific protein. Key aspects covered include the role of RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation, as well as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Central Dogma of Life

    Uploaded by

    Aminul Islam Arafat 2132536642
    15 views11 pages
    The document discusses the central dogma of biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA codes for a specific protein. Key aspects covered include the role of RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation, as well as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the central dogma of biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA codes for a specific protein. Key aspects covered include the role of RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation, as well as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views11 pages

    The Central Dogma of Life

    Uploaded by

    Aminul Islam Arafat 2132536642
    The document discusses the central dogma of biology, which describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains the processes of transcription, where DNA is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA codes for a specific protein. Key aspects covered include the role of RNA polymerase in transcription and ribosomes in translation, as well as the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Lecture 13

    1 Central Dogma of life


    DNA and Gene
    2

     A gene is a region of DNA that encodes function. A


    chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA containing
    thousands of genes.
    Central Dogma of life
    3

     The central dogma is a process which describes the flow of


    genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
     The process by which DNA directs new DNA synthesis is
    called DNA replication
     The process by which the information is transferred from DNA
    to RNA is called transcription
     The process by which mRNA codes for a particular protein is
    called translation. 
     DNAs specify proteins via transcription and translation
    Basic Principles of Transcription and Translation
    4

    Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA


     An enzyme called RNA polymerase is needed
     Transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA)

    Translation is the synthesis of a protein using information in the


    mRNA
     Ribosome is the site of translation
     mRNA along with transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomes work
    together to produce proteins
    Nuclear
    envelope

    DNA
    TRANSCRIPTION

    Pre-mRNA

    (b) Eukaryotic cell

    5
    Nuclear
    envelope

    DNA
    TRANSCRIPTION

    Pre-mRNA
    RNA PROCESSING

    mRNA

    (b) Eukaryotic cell

    6
    Nuclear
    envelope

    DNA
    TRANSCRIPTION

    Pre-mRNA
    RNA PROCESSING

    mRNA

    TRANSLATION Ribosome

    Protein

    (b) Eukaryotic cell

    7
    Transcription
    8

    Steps:
    1. The double-stranded DNA molecule is partially unzipped
    2. An enzyme ‘RNA polymerase’ transcribes the nucleotide
    sequence of a gene (DNA) into a mRNA molecule.
     Unlike DNA, mRNA has only a single strand
     mRNA is small and can easily exit the nucleus and go to
    the ribosome.
    RNA
    Polymerase

    DNA RNA
    Translation
    9

    Steps:
    1. After leaves the nucleus of a cell, mRNA goes to the
    ribosome where the code it contains can be translated to
    produce a protein.
    2. The code of mRNA is read as three nucleotides at a time
    (called a codon).
    3. Each codon specifies one amino acid of a protein.
    RNA
    DNA
    template DNA
    strand 3 5
    A C C A A A C C G A G T molecule

    T G G T T T G G C T C A
    Gene 1
    5 3

    TRANSCRIPTION

    Gene 2
    U G G U U U G G C U C A
    mRNA 5 3

    Codon
    TRANSLATION

    Protein Trp Phe Gly Ser

    Gene 3
    Amino acid

    10
    Comparison between transcription and translation
    11

    Transcription Translation
    Definition Transcription is the Translation is the
    synthesis of RNA synthesis of protein from
    from DNA mRNA

    Purpose To make RNA To synthesize proteins


    copies of individual which are used for cellular
    genes functions

    Product mRNA Protein

    Location Nucleus Ribosome

    You might also like