Prose in Literature

Prose in literature
Presented by Tahani Abdullah sulayman

Table of content
 What is prose?
 Meaning and definition
 The origin of English and Arabic prose and their development
 Categorization of prose
 Features of prose
 Function of prose in literature
 Some pioneer prose writers

Meaning of prose
 originally, the word prose originated from the Latin one "prosa" meaning
straightforward discourse(Chen,2019).
 In the new oxford American dictionary it is defined as "written or spoken language in

its ordinary form, without metrical structure.
The definition of prose in literature
according to Samuel(2022) Prose is a genre of literature that make use of plain and ordinary
language, grammatical structure and non-metrical form of language in written or spoken piece of
.literary work
In writing ,prose is a style that does not structure of rhyming or meter. Rather, prose follows a
grammatical structure using words to compose phrases that are arranged into sentences and
paragraphs.it is used to communicate concept, ideas and stories to a reader (Deguzman,2022).

The origin of English prose in its development
 In there book, Carter and McRae(2001) state that Prose evolved very late on the ninth century
 Old English period (Anglo Saxon) 450-1066: prose mostly includes historical and ecclesiastical writings.
 The middle English period1066-1500: Much of the dominating work of the Middle English period is
poetry. because of the great use of poetry in all fields, prose remains very limited, if not almost unheard
of.
 The Renaissance period 1550-1660:it was during the Renaissance Period, that prose for the first time
firmly established itself as an independent genre.
 Restoration/ Neo-Classicism:1660-1700: this age was the great age of essay, letter ,epistle, satire,
moral instruction, and parody.
 Augustan Age 1700-1750:it was an age of prose and reason ,as poetry was inadequate for
pamphlet, magazines and newspapers, prose developed rapidly and excellently.
 The Victorian period 1830-1901:
 Modern period 1900-1965:
 Contemporary period since 1965:

Birth and development of Arabic prose:
 Pre-Islamic era
 Early Islamic period
 Umayyad Era
 Abbasid Era
 Al-Andalus Era
 The centuries of decline
 Modern Era encyclopedia.com
Categorizations of prose
 Nonfiction.
 Fiction.
 Heroic.
 poetry (Chen,2019).
Alexander (1963) categorized prose into three types:
 narrative
 description
 argument.
Features of prose
1. prose does not conform to poetic measures.
2. prose does not have a specific rhythm of meter. Although prose can often be very rhythmic,
there are no set rules for metrical structure as in some forms of poetry.
3. prose does not or use a pattern of rhyme (eNotes,2015).

The function of prose
 Direct communication
 Curate a voice
 Build rapport with the reader (Deguzman,2022)

Some pioneer prose writers
 Aldhelm (d.709)
 Geoffrey Chaucer (1387)
 Thomas More (1516)
 John Bunyan (1678)
 Daniel Defoe (1661)
 Dr. Samuel Johnson (1709)
 David Herbert Lawrence (1918)
 David Foster Wallace (1962) (Carter & McRae,2001).
 Quss bin saa’idah (600)
 labid ibn Rabia (560)
 Omar ibn Kulthum (526)
 Ibn al-Moqaffa (724)
 Ibn Khaldun (1332)
 Khalil Gibran (1883)
 Butrus al –Bustani (1819)
 Taha Hussein (1889)
 Qasim Amin(1863)
 Naguib Mahfouz (1911) www.encyclopedia.com
https://images.app.goo.gl/
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references
Alexander, L.G. (1963)Poetry and Prose Appreciation for Overseas Students [M]. London: Longman Group Limited.
Carter & McRae.(2001).the Routledge History of Literature in English: Britain and Ireland(2nd ed).Routledge.
Chen,G.(2019). Literature Review on Prose study. Atlantis Press SARL,378,512-516.(
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Deguzman.(2022,november9).what is prose-Definition and Example in literature. https://www.studiobinder.com

Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps.literature:Arab. https://www.encyclopedia.com
“Features Of Prose”eNotes Editorial,16 Aug.2015,https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-characteristics-prose-
333176.
Oxford Advanced American Dictionary .(2023). Oxford University Press .https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionary.com

Samual,E.(2022).Characteristics of prose. Scholar Articles .https://bscholarly.com/features-of-prose /
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Presented by Tahani Abdullah sulayman

 Meaning and definition

 The origin of English and Arabic prose and their development

 Function of prose in literature

 Some pioneer prose writers

 In the new oxford American dictionary it is defined as "written or spoken language in

paragraphs.it is used to communicate concept, ideas and stories to a reader (Deguzman,2022).

 The Victorian period 1830-1901:

 Modern period 1900-1965:

 Contemporary period since 1965:

1. prose does not conform to poetic measures.

3. prose does not or use a pattern of rhyme (eNotes,2015).

 Build rapport with the reader (Deguzman,2022)

Deguzman.(2022,november9).what is prose-Definition and Example in literature. https://www.studiobinder.com

Oxford Advanced American Dictionary .(2023). Oxford University Press .https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionary.com

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