Aptitude Presentation

Aptitude presentation on
Ratio and proportion

Submitted to- Submitted by-
Mrs. Shubra Mishra Sourabh (GF/2020/3377)
Dibiyanshu Gautam (GF/2020/7432)
Shivani (GF/2020/6871)
Arti Sharma (GF/2020/2840)
Anuradha Sharma (GF/2020/4751)
-B.Tech. Biotechnology / (SRP)
- 3RD Year (6th Semester)
Ratio -
A ratio, which is a comparison of two numbers by division of the same unit, is the quotient
obtained when the first number is divided by the second, nonzero number in a definite order.
Hence the ratio of a to b can be expressed as or a : b. In the ratio a : b, we call a the first term
or antecedent and b is called the second term or consequent.
For example, Let us say salary of A is Rs5000 and salary of B is Rs3000. if we are to compare
salary of A and B we can say that,
The Ratio of salary of A to that of B
The ratio of A to B is usually written as A : B. The quantities A and B are called the terms of
ratios. Here we have, (salary of A) : (salary of B)= 5 : 3.
Note :
1. If ratio of A to B is 5 : 3 then we cannot say that the value of A is 5 and the value of B is 3.
Referring to the example above we say the salary of a is not Rs5 but it is Rs5000.
2. If the ratio of A to B is 5 : 3 then we can see that the value of A is 5X and the value of B is
3x. (Assuming that X is the common factor with which the terms of the ratios is divided.)
Referring to the above example we say that the value of X is 1000.
3. If the total salary of A and B is 8000 and the ratio of the salaries = 5 : 3, then we can find
that the salary of A and B, i.e. the total salary rs 8000 is divided into 8 parts. out of 8 parts 5
part is A and 3 parts is B.
Hence, of 8000, i.e. is the salary of A and of 8000,
i.e. is the salary of B.
Basic properties-
1. If we multiply the numerator and the denominator of a ratio by the same number, the ratio
remains unchanged.
2. If divide the numerator and denominator of a ratio by the same number, the ratio remains
unchanged. So,
3. a. : is called the duplicate ratio of a : b. It is a compound ratio of two equal ratios.
b. : is called the triplicate ratio of a : b. It is the compound ratio of two equal ratio.
c. : is called sub-duplicate ratio of a : b
d. : is called the sub-triplicate ratio of a : B. The ratio between the cube roots of
two numbers is called the sub-triplicate ratio of two numbers.
e. If a : b , and c : d are two ratios, then ac : bd is called the ratio compound of the given
ratio.
4. Two or more ratios can be compared by reducing the equivalent fractions
through a common denominator.
If
if ay .
5. The ratio of two fractions can be expressed as a ratio of two integers.
Proportion-
When two ratios are equal, the four quantities composing them are said to be proportional. If
we say that a, b, c, d are in proportion and, we write, a : b :: c : d. Here a and d are known as
extremes and b, and c are known as means. If any proportion, the product of the extremes is
equal to the product of the means.
If the proportion Is , then
Hence the
Basic properties-
1. In a :b :: c : d , we say that d is the fourth proportional to a, b, and c.
2. If x is the third proportional to a, b then a : b :: c : x
3. If a, b, c, are such that , then b is called the geometric mean between a and c and , that
is .
4. If then and
5. INVERTENDO:
If
.
6. ALTERNENDO:
If of two equal ratios
are equal.
7. COMPONENDO:
If , then i.e. adding 1 to both sides. This property is called .
8. DIVIDENDO:
If, ,then ,i.e.subtracting 1 from both sides.This property is called .
9. COMPONENDO – DIVIDENDO:
If , then , i.e. dividing the results of componendo by dividendo, we get
• To find a : b : c : d, if a : b and b : c and c : d, is given
if a : b and b : c and c : d is given then a : b : c : d can be solved like the following
multiplication
a:b a b c d
b:c a:b:c:d = ↙
c:d ↙
For example, a : b = 1 : 2 and b : c = 3 : 4 and c : d = 5 : 6 , then a : b : c : d will be
given by
1:2 1 2 2 2
↙
3:4 a=3 b=3 c=4 d=4
↙
5:6 5 5 5 6
So, a : b : c : d = (1 3 5) : (2 ) : () : () = 15 : 30 : 40 : 48
• To find a : b : c, if a : b and b : c is given
If a : b and b : c is given then a : b : c can be found by the following
multiplication:- a b
b c
For example, if a : b = 1 : 2 and b : c = 3 : 4, then a:b:c is given by
a:b:c = 1 2 = (1) : (32) : (24) = 3 : 6 : 8
↗
3 4
Examples-
Question 1. The sides of a triangle are in the and its perimeter is 104 centimeters.
Find length of the longest side?
Answer – multiplying each term with 12, we get ratio of sides
=
let the sides be 6, 4, 3
perimeter (104) = sum of all sides
104 = 6 + 4 + 3
104 = 13
= 104/13
= 8cm
longest side
other sides, 4
3
Question 2. 20 boys and 32 girls form a group for social work. During their membership drive
same number of boys and girls have joined the group. How many members does
this group have now if the ratio of boys to girls is 3 : 4 respectively?
Answer- Let boys and girls have joined
according to the given information, we have
Now, present strength of the social group .

Question 3.Arrange the following ratios in descending order of magnitude (6:7), (7: 8), (9: 10),
(11: 12)?
Answer- 6/7, 7/8, 9/10, 11/12 , applying the property of ratio of lesser inequality, we have
In the ratio a/b if a < b then (x > 0)
The given ratios could be arranged in the following way:
then
Question 4. A jar is filled with water and alcohol in the ratio 2:1. when six liters of the mixture
is removed and replaced with six liters of water the ratio of the water to alcohol
becomes 4 : 1. what is the capacity of the jar?
Answer- Since the ratio of the water to alcohol is 2 : 1 let the amount of water and alcohol in
the jar be 2 and liters.
From the mixture, 6 litres of the mixture is replaced with water.
In this 6 litres, the amount of alcohol
The amount of water .
It is given that,
The capacity of the jar = 2 + = 3 = 3 5 = 15 litres.

Question. 5 The cost of precious stone is directly proportional to the cube of its weight. A10
gram stone cost 25,000. The stone falls and breaks into three pieces whose
weights are in the ratio 1 : 1 : 3. what is the difference in the cost between the
largest of the three pieces and the smallest?
Answer- It is given that the cost of the stone is directly proportional to cube of its weight
i.e. Cost ∝
Cost , where is the constant of proportionality.
25000
Since the weights of the stones are in the ratio, 1 : 1 : 3, weight of the
largest stone and weight of the smallest stone.
The difference in cost of the stones
Question 6. If then find the ratio
Answer-
Question 7. Rupees 1840 is divided into four parts such that a third of the first part, a fifth of
the second part, an eight of the third part, and a seventh of the fourth part are all
equal. Find the difference between the second and the fourth part?
Answer- Let a, b, c, d be the four parts
a+ b+ c+ d = 1840 (1)
Also
i.e. a
substituting the above in equation (1) we get,
the difference between the second and the fourth part is

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Aptitude presentation on

Ratio and proportion

Now, present strength of the social group .

The capacity of the jar = 2 + = 3 = 3 5 = 15 litres.

the difference between the second and the fourth part is

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