SCHOOL DESIGN

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Aasish Sapkota (075BAR001) Lec. Ar. Milan Bhattarai
Abhishek Acharya (075BAR002) Lec. Ar. Dipendra S.
Anita Kafle (075BAR006) chongbong
Ashesh Regmi (075BAR006)
Divya Adhikari (075BAR017) .
LITERATURE REVIEW FORMAT:
•Introduction
•Types of school
•History
•Site selection criteria
•Zoning of spaces
•Anthropometric data of spaces
• 1. Academic
• 2.Administrative
• 3.Creative
• 4.others
•Matrix diagram
•Safety factor of building
•Conclusion
INTRODUCTION:
• A school is an educational institution designed to provide learning spaces and
learning environment for the students.
• Why is education so important:
1. "Education is the most Powerful
weapon which we can use
to change the world."
- Nelson Mandela
2. " Education is not about molding
Children the way you think they
Should be. It is about organizing the
natural longing in a human being
to know.“
- Sadhguru
BUDHANILKANTHA SCHOOL
TYPES OF SCHOOL:
• COMMUNITY SCHOOLS
• INSTITUTIONAL SCHOOLS
• RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS
 COMMUNITY SCHOOL
• Community schools are the types of school that are supported by
the government and are similar to that of public school.
• Divided into three sub-categories:
1. Community-Aided school
school where the responsibility regarding paying salary and other
form of expenses is in the hand of government.
2. Community-Managed school
fully supported by the government but the community is
responsible for the management of schools.
3. Community-unaided School
that might get partial support or may not get any support from the
government.
.
INSTITUTIONAL SCHOOLS
• That are supported by the parents and the trustees and are
similar to that of private schools.
RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS
• School that either has a religious component in its operations
or its curriculum.
• Divided into three sub-categories:
1. MADRASA- that are operating for the people of muslim
community.
2. ASHRAM-that are operating for the people of hindu
community.
3. GUMBA-that are operating for the people of buddhist
community.
 ON THE BASIS OF FACULTIES
• SCIENCE SCHOOL: science lab, demonstration spaces
• ARTS SCHOOL: art galleries,
lighting, aesthetic elements.
• TECHNICAL SCHOOL: labs, medical
equipment, practical spaces
commerce school, humanities.
• MULTIFACULTY SCHOOL: including
two or more faculties.
 HISTORY
• The concept of grouping students together in a centralized
location for learning had existed since classical antiquity,
formal schools have existed at least since ancient times.
1. WESTERN: Greece and
Rome are famous for
Starting education.
• In western Europe –
Cathedral school.
• In Islam-school system
Developed with mosque.
 Continue…
2.EASTERN: Gurukul education
System was famous in India.

3.NEPAL: the first formal school

is Durbar high school.(1855)
• For the Eute, after democracy
More opportunities opened for
Diverse people.
 DESIGN PRINCIPLE
ASPECT
• Classroom-well ventilated
• Sufficient light (without glare)-easy reading and writing.
• Entrance door-open to the stage
• Laboratories-bright light availibility
ROOMINESS- Width to length ratio (1:1.2 to 1:1.5)
PRIVACY
• Not more than 3 classes in a row.
• It is a good to have independent access to each class.
 .
GROUPING
• Principal and staff room are grouped and located near
entrance.
• Girls waiting room and toilet need to be grouped.

CIRCULATION
• There should be only one entrance into the classroom.
• Horizontal circulation should be possibly utility should not be
more than 1:3.
SITE SELECTION AND GUIDELINE:
• Size: larger school site is always preferred since it allows more
environmental integration.
• Shape: Rectangular shape site
are always easier to plan.
and adequate plan can be
Achieved.
• Location: Site has to be safe
and rich with utilities and services but free from disturbing
elements such as noise pollution.
• Topography and drainage: The site should allow the flow of
sewage according to gravity, preferable without use of pumps.
 Continue……
• Terraced land is unsuitable for construction of building.
• Construction site has to be safe
and stable to withstand total
building code.
• Poor sites are the site that are
vulnerable to landslides, soil
erosion, steep slopes.
• Building on sloped ground have
unequal height, columns along
the slope, which causes ill effects
like twisting and damage in shorter
columns
 Continue….
• Should be gently sloping with an elevation and contour
which will ensure good drainage.
• Site should provide sufficient
space to sustain physical
education with a variety
of vegetation and plant life.

• Access and traffic: The site should be surrounded by different

means of transport that are useful to students and staff.
Avoid location near factories.
 Continue……
• Security and safety: No roadways should be crossed by any students
to get to playground.
• Site should allow the construction
of building so as to allow the
adequate sunlight to hinder
any act of vandalism.

• Noise level school should be far enough from air terminals and high
speed vechicular traffic.
• Utilities water, drainage and electrical services including
telivision and telephones lines must be available.
Classroom Zoning of spaces

cloakroom Staff room head office

entrance

Art
room
Main hall
To playing fields
.

ACADEMIC SPACE
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF
CLASSROOM

SEMINAR CLASSROOM

ACTIVE LEARNING CLASSROOM

GENERAL PURPOSE CLASSROOM

 ADMINISTRATIVE SPACES

.
 ADMINISTRATIVE
PRINCIPLE‘S ROOM VICE-PRINCIPLE‘S ROOM
• It is the office for the person • It is almost similar to
Who is head of the organization. principal’s room.
• It should have access to clerk • It should be link with
and vice-principals room. account section and have
• Size of the room-(20-25)m² access to record room.
• General furniture- • Size of the room-(15-20)M².
Working tables ,book • Location-near to principal
shelfs, closet, chair office and clerk room.
 .
TEACHER’S AND STAFF’S ROOM ACCOUNTANT ROOM
• The room where the staff’s • It is the place where all
of the school gather. the financial transition of
• Location-should be near the school is carried out.
reception or clerk office. • Dimension- varies as per
• Public shouldn’t able to Teacher. Generally
gain direct access to this 1.2/2M².
room.
 CREATIVE SPACES

.
 OPEN AMPHITHEATRE
• Open-air venue used for the performance entertainment
and sports.
• Circular, oval or raised seating.
• Slope of seating shouldn’t be
less than 12 degree for better
audibility and visibility.
• Noise level shouldn’t exceed
40 decible.
• It helps to connect indoor and
outdoor space.
ART GALLERY
INTRODUCTION
● exhibition space
for visual arts,
generally.

● space for collecting ,preserving,

interpreting and exhibiting art
materials.
DESIGN PARAMETERS
● height less than 12
meters, or for architectural
elements, upto 17 meters.
● circulation space must me
well lighted, clearly
defined and easy to follow
for wheelchair users as
well.(Wd= 1-1.5m)
DESIGN PARAMETERS
● Finish lines and flow; clearly defined and easily
negotiable even by people with mobility problem.
● Use of color, tone and decorations to create contrast.
ANTHROPOMETRY
Lightings
● Floor\ceiling plans that
allow admitting natural
lights. Clarify pathways.
● Concious and creative
use of windows, glass
walls and artificial lights.
● Sufficient light on
objects and lables.
● Visual safety of visitors
must be considered.
SPACE DIVISION IDEAS
 Orientation
● Regarding, safety of art peices, the gallery space be oriented
towards north or so as to avoid direct acess to sunrays.
● Windows facing north.
● Well lit space, easy access, proper circulation\flow.
 Creative learning space
.
 OTHER CREATIVE SPACES
● LEARNING HUB: spaces for leisure
learning self studies, growing creativity.
● Enhanced with smart boards, digital
kiosks, lego kits, etc in semi-open
space/well lit space.

● MULTIPURPOSE HALL: To learn dance

drama, club gathering, and many more
● Well ventilated, in rather separated
space/building, soundproof walls.
 DANCE STUDIO:
● 20-24 Sq.ft per student.
● Approx. 20 student at studio.
● Ceiling height 4.8m to 7.3m.
● Mirror section of 1.8m .2.4m
should attach to wall approx. 0.15m from floor.
● Maintain temp. around 24° and 21°c.
● Light source: windows in opaque glass above eye level.
 AUDITORIUM
•An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear
and watch performance at venue such as theatres.
 Types of Auditorium
 END STAGE THEATRE
Auditorium with audience
only on the front side

THRUST THEATRE
Auditorium with audience
surrounded on three sides
 Continue…

 ARENE THEATRE
• Having audience on all sides
• A theatre without a proscenium

FLEXIBLE THEATRE
•With flexible space and seating
arrangement
PLAN
BUBBLE DAIGRAM
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
CLASSROOM
STAGE
STORAGE
DRESSING
ROOM

DRESSIN AUDITORIUM
G ROOM
SEATING AREA
WOMEN
W/C
MEN
LOBBY FOYER
W/C
 SPACE REQUIREMENT
(0.65-0.84)SQ.M/SEAT
MAX. 16 SEATS PER AISLE
25 SEATS IF DOOR WIDTH IS 1M
STAGE:(0.46-0.65)M²/ PERSON
REHEARSAL ROOM:(35-50)% OF STAGE AREA
WORKSHOP:(50-70)% OF STAGE
CEILING HEIGHT:(6-7.5)M
DISTANCE BETWEEN STAGE AND FRONT ROW:
 Continue….
CHANGING ROOM:(3.8-5)M²/PERSON
ORCHESTRA
2.5M BELOW STAGE
(1-1.5)M²/ MUSICIAN
In order to obtain clear and
Unobstructed sight line to the screen
Staggered seating planning is prefered.
• Staggering is accomplished by the
Non-uniform placement of seats.
 DESIGN GUIDELINES
• The choice of site for an auditorium is governed by several
factors. The problem of noice is an important
consideration.
• In fact, the quietest possible condition should be provided
so that intelligibility of speech doesn’t suffer and even soft
messages of music are heard.
• Sound insulation like plantation should be provided.
• Echo should be avoided by covering a long distance walls
ceiling with suitable sound absorbing material.
ANTHROPOMETRY
Continue…
 RAISED FLOOR
• For good visibility as also for
Good listening conditions, the
Successive rows of seats have to
Be raised.

•Concentric seating is found

to be more efficient than
straight linear seating.
•Multiple aisle system of
seating is found to be more
 .

Maximum vertical cone of vision for man is 70° so the

seats should should be arranged not to be near more than
this.
Similarly maximum horizontal cone of vision is 150°
(60+90)
 LIGHTING
• To concentrate attention upon the stage.
• Colour of light should be neutral.
• Should strike actor face at about 45° at
horizontal.
VENTILATION
• Stage ventilations needed
For stage greater than 50 ft.
Height.
 SOUND INSULATION
• Use of acoustic panel for sound proofing of
auditorium.
• Acoustical panels Offer great results by
Observing the reflection and echoes within the
auditorium.
FIRE PROTECTION
 SPRINKLERS: under
Roof
 Use of fire curtain.
 OTHERS

• .
 HOSTEL
• It is a form of low-cost, short-term shared sociable lodging where
students can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed in a dormitory.
• A single person room should be of minimum of 8.5m² and increasing
to 12m² for 2 persons.
• Separate dormitories for men and women, with separate entrance.
• Supervision by a warden.
 WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE
It is the provision of water by public utilities, by a system of pumps and
pipes.
OVERHEAD TANKS:
concrete water tank , elevated
to create pressure for distribution
Without using booster pumps
• Minimum 500 litre tank for
every 100 children.
DRAINAGE: water should not discharge over side walls except by sheet
flow.
• Recreation and play area shall be properly drained at about 2% slope.
 SAFETY AND SECURITY

Safety
Safety Includes two major aspects:
Physical Safety
Emotional and personal safety
Physical Safety:
• FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT
• NATURAL DISASTERS MANAGEMENT
 Emotional and personal safety:
• Sanitation and hygiene

• Trauma management

• Health safety
 SECURITY
• Entrance as check
point ,securing monitoring
and maximum visibility
• Two security guards for
managing the patrons
• Prefabricated guard house
which includes HVAC, wiring
and phone.
• Guard house dimensions
(8’*8’*8’)
• Ensuring and capturing the
activities through cctv
MAJOR POINTS TO ENSURE SAFETY AND SECURITY IN SCHOOLS

• Implement an ID badge policy.

• Set clear rules and limits for students on violence
• Bully proof class rooms
• Plan for severe weather
• Develop resources for depressed or stressed students
• Brainstorm solutions to the barriers
• Also and easy access to the class room for the disabled students
with appropriate safety .
• Analyze the overall state ,district and school crisis and disasters
plan.
• Help student learn, understand and practice the specific skills
they will need to develop to stay safe.
MATRIX DIAGRAM FOR SCHOOL
 SAFETY FACTOR OF BUILDING:
• Ratio of length and breadth less than 1:3.
• Must be welled tie up of beam and column.
• Expansion joint at regular interval.
• Exterior wall should be of 9 inch.
• Structure with larger base is safer as compared
to structure with slender shape with lesser base
area.
• Building with U, V, H shaped plans have sustained
significant damages.
• In many cases the damage
could be avoided by making
building into two parts.
 CONCLUSION:
• While learning about school literally we came to know that:
1. The required area for person in different places.
2. Standard dimension of room area, furniture, floor height, opening
area for different room.
3. Linkage between spaces
4. School has a lot beyond education spaces like art room ,playground
Dance hall, assembly etc
THANK YOU!

SOURCES:
1. NEUFERT
2. TIME SAVER STANDARD
3. ARCHDAILY
4. PINTEREST