Multimedia Lecture 3

3
GRAPHICS
Content
 Definition of Graphics
2
 Types of Graphic
 Bitmap Graphics
 Vector Graphics
 Resolution
 Image Resolution
 Display Resolution
 Color Resolution
 Types of Images
 Binary Image
 Grayscale Image
 Color Image
 RGBA / 32-bit images
 Digital Image File Formats
 Calculate Digital Image File Size
 Review Questions
Definition of Graphics 3
 Image is a spatial representation of an object or a scene. (image of a

person, place, object)
 Graphic is a broader and general definition which includes:

 Pictures or Photographs
 Drawings or Line arts
 Clip arts
 Buttons and Banner
 Charts and graphs
 Backgrounds
 Icons
Types of Graphic 4
 Bitmap graphics
 Vector graphics
Bitmap Graphics 5
 The most common and comprehensive form of storage for images

on computers is bitmap image.
 Bitmap use combination blocks of different colors (known as pixels)
to represent an image. Each pixel is assigned a specific location and
color value.
 There are also called panelized or raster graphics.
 Software to edit bitmapped graphics are :
 Adobe Photoshop
 Paint Shop Pro
Bitmap Graphics 6
 Advantage
 Can have different textures on
the drawings; detailed and
comprehensive(more real-
looking).
 Disadvantage
 Large file size.
 Not easy to make modification
to objects/drawings.
 Graphics become "blocky"
when the size is increased.
Vector Graphics 7
 Vector images are based on drawing elements/objects to create an

image.
 The elements and objects are stored as a series of command that
define the individual objects.
 Packages that allow to create vector graphics include :
 Macromedia Freehand MX
 Macromedia Flash MX
 Adobe Illustrator
Vector Graphics 8
 Advantage
 Small file size.
 Maintain quality as the size of the
graphics is increased.
 Easy to edit the drawings as each object
is independent of the other.
 Disadvantage
 Objects/drawings cannot have texture; it
can only have plain colors or gradients ;
limited level of detail that can be
presented in an image.
Resolution 9
 There are three types of resolution measuring different aspects of the

quality, detail and size of an image:
 Image Resolution: The term resolution often associated with an

image’s degree of detail or quality.
 Display Resolution: Resolution can also refer to quality capability of
graphic output (monitor).
 Color Resolution / Color Depth: Color depth describe the number of
bits used to represent the color of a single pixel.
Image Resolution 10
 Image resolution measures the pixel dimension of an overall image

or how many pixel the image has.
 Image resolution is measured in width and height.
 For example, 100 * 100-pixel image has a total of 10,000 pixels.
Display Resolution 11
 Display resolution is also measured in pixels in terms of height and

width.
 It simply means how many pixels can be displayed on the computer
screen.
 Display resolution normally uses a setting of 640x480(VGA),
800x600 (SVGA), 1024x768, etc.
 You can change the display resolution under Display Properties in
Control panel.
 If your image resolution is bigger than the display resolution, the
result would be part of the image will be out of the display area.
Color Resolution/Color Depth 12
 Each pixel can represent at least 2 possible colors or more.
 Color resolution or Color depth/channel depth is measured in bits.
 The file size of a bitmap image (in bytes):
Height X Width X (Color depth / 8)
Color Depth Calculation Number of Colors

1 bit 21 = 2 2 colors
4 bits 24 = 16 16 colors
8 bits (1 byte) 28 = 256 256 colors
16 bits (2 bytes) 216 = 65,536 65,536 colors
24 bits (3 bytes) 224 = 16,777,216 16,777,216 colors
Types of Images 13
 Binary Image
 Grayscale Image
 Color Image
 RGBA / 32-bit images
Binary Image 14
 These images have two possible values

of pixel intensities: black and white.
 Also called 1-bit monochrome image,
since it contains only black and white.
 Typical applications of binary images
include office/business documents,
handwritten text, line graphics,
engineering graphics etc.
 The scanned output contains a sequence
of black or white pixels. Binary 1
represents a black pixel and binary 0
represents a white pixel.
Grayscale Image 15
 They contain several shades of grey.

 Typical applications of grayscale images
include newspaper photographs (non-
color), magnetic resonance images.
 An uncompressed grayscale image can
be represented by n bits per pixel, so the
number of gray levels supported will be
2n.
 For example, 8-bit Grayscale Image. It
consists of 256 gray levels. A dark pixel
might have a pixel value of 0, a bright
one might be 255.
Color Image 16
 They are characterized by the intensity

of three primary colors (RGB).
 For example, 24-bit image or 24 bits
per pixel. There are 16,777,216 (224)
possible colors. In other words, 8 bits
for R(Red), 8 bits for G(Green), 8 bits
for B(Blue).
 Since each value is in the range 0-255,
this format supports 256 x 256 x 256
or 16,777,216 different colors.
RGBA / 32-bit images 17
 An important point: many 24-bit color

images are actually stored as 32-bit
images, with the extra byte of data for
each.
 Allows RGBA color scheme; Red,
Green, Blue, Alpha.
 Pixel used to store an alpha value
representing the degree of
“transparency”.
Digital Image File Formats 18
Digital Image File Formats 19
Calculate Digital Image File Size 20
Example 1:
A full screen graphic resolution (640 x 480 pixels) at an 8-bit color will
yield the following file size:
(640 x 480 x 8) / 8 = 307200 bytes
Example 2:
A full screen graphic resolution (320 x 240 pixels) with 16-bit colors
will yield the following file size:
(320 x 240 x 16) / 8 = 153600 bytes

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3

 Image is a spatial representation of an object or a scene. (image of a

 Graphic is a broader and general definition which includes:

 The most common and comprehensive form of storage for images

 Vector images are based on drawing elements/objects to create an

 There are three types of resolution measuring different aspects of the

 Image Resolution: The term resolution often associated with an

 Image resolution measures the pixel dimension of an overall image

 Display resolution is also measured in pixels in terms of height and

Color Depth Calculation Number of Colors

 These images have two possible values

 They contain several shades of grey.

 They are characterized by the intensity

 An important point: many 24-bit color

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