1920 GI Hormones
1920 GI Hormones
1920 GI Hormones
Gastrin
Polypeptide present in several forms
3 biologically active forms:
“Big” = 34 amino acids
‘Little” = 17 amino acids
“Mini” = 14 amino acids
All active forms have same c-terminal 5 chain a. a
Release
Released from G cells in stomach and duodenum
Also present in CNS e.g. pituitary gland, hypothalamus
Gastrin - Release
Stimuli
Protein digestion products
Nervous, physical distention
Calcium, coffee and wine
Inhibition
Acidification of antrum- decreased pH
Somatostatin
Gastrin Action
• Symptoms
- Duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypokalemia
Secretion Stimulated By
Fatty acids or AAs in the duodenum
+ve feedback between CCK secretion and its stimulus
Secretion Inhibited By
Somatostatin
CCK - Physiological Effects
Emptying of gallbladder
Contracts gallbladder, relaxes sphincter of Oddi
Induces satiety
Secretin
• 29AA peptide released from S-cells of duodenal mucosa
• Stimuli / release -
- Released from duodenum and proximal
jejunum
- All major foodstuffs
• Physiological effects -
- Stimulates insulin release (also
called glucose-dependent
insulinotrophic peptide - GIP)
- Inhibits gastric acid secretion
Motilin
• Chemistry - 22 AA peptide
• Stimuli / release -
- Released from duodenum and proximal
jejunum during fasting at 100 min
intervals
- Release is under neural control
• Physiological effects -
- Stimulates upper G.I. motility
- Accounts for the migrating motility
complex, “ housekeeping contractions”
Somatostatin
14 & 28 amino acid forms.