Subnetting

• Creating Multiple independent Networks from a single Network

• Converting Host bits into Network bits (i.e. converting 0’s into 1’s )
• Subnetting can be performed in two ways
— FLSM ( Fixed Length Subnet Mask )
— VLSM ( Variable Length Subnet Mask )
• Subnetting can be done based on requirement
— Number of Networks Required?
— Number of Hosts Required?
—Cisco Slash Notation
Note:-
It is very useful for Internet Service Providers (ISP), Large
Organizations/ Companies etc.,
 Requirement of Network
• A corporate network has 200 PC's
• Which class of IP Address is preferred for the network ? Answer : Class C
• There are 4 departments with 50 pc's each

Marketing 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.50

Sales 192.168.1.51 to 192.168.1.100
Finance 192.168.1.101 to 192.168.1.150
IT 192.168.1.151 to 192.168.1.200

Administrator Requirement:
•Inter-department communication should not be there
Solution :
•Allocate different Networks to each Department
i.e.,
Marketing 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.50
Sales 192.168.2.1to 192.168.2.50
Finance 192.168.3.1 to 192.168.3.50
IT 192.168.4.1 to 192.168.4.50
 Main Aim of Subnetting

• Problem with the previous scenario is

— Wastage of IP addresses, if it is Public IP addresses (Approx. 800 )
— To reduce the wastage of IP addresses, we have Subnetting

Power Table
 Some Important Values

Requirement of Subnets – 4 no’s ?

• Class C : 192.168.1.0
• Octet Format is N . N . N . H
Network bits : 24 Host bits
:8
in required
• Subnets : 4 no's
Req. of Subnet
= 2" 1 4
= 2* 1 4
4 subnets
• No. of Hosts / Subnet
mo of host bits -2

= 2^ -2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)

64 - 2
62 Hosts / Subnet
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 0 255. 255. 255.
255. 192
11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO
= 11111111.11111111.
11111111.11000000
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 - 192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 - 192.168.1.191
192.168.1.192 - 192.168.1.255

Requirement of 30 subnets
• Class C : 192.168.1.0
• Octet Format is N . N . N . H
Network bits : 24 Host bits
:8
in required
• Subnets : 32 no's
Req. of Subnet
= 2" 1 4
= 25 1 4
32 subnets
• No. of Hosts / Subnet
mo of host bits -2

= 23 - 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast

ID)
8-2
6 Hosts / Subnet
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 255.
0 248

11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO = 11111111.11111111.
11111111.11111000
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 - 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 - 192.168.1.23

192.168.1.248 - 192.168.1.255

Requirement of 12 hosts…
• Class C : 192.168.1.0
• Octet Format is N . N . N . H
Network bits : 24 Host bits
:8
• Hostinrequired : 12ofno's
z Req. Host (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
_
= 24" 2 1 12
= 16 - 2
= 14 Hosts
• No. of Subnets
2 ° o of network bits

16 subnets
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 255. 255. 255. 255.
0 240

11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO = 11111111.11111111.
11111111.11110000
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.15
192.168.1.16 - 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.47

192.168.1.240 - 192.168.1.255

Requirement of Hosts - 2 no’s ?

• Class C : 192.168.1.0
• Octet Format is N . N . N . H
Network bits : 24 Host bits
:8
• Hostinrequired : 2 no's
z Req. of Host (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)
_

= 4-2
= 2 Hosts
• No. of Subnets
2 ° o of network bits

64 subnets
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 0 255. 255. 255.
255. 252
11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO
= 11111111.11111111.
11111111.11111100
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.3
192.168.1.4 - 192.168.1.7
192.168.1.8 - 192.168.1.11

192.168.1.252 - 192.168.1.255

Cisco Slash Notation

• Class C : 192.168.1.65/25
Network bits Host bits : 7
25
• No. of Subnets
mo of network bits
2’
2 subnets
• No. of Hosts / Subnet
2 no of host bits _

= 27 -2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast

ID)
128 - 2
= 126 Hosts / Subnet
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 0 255. 255. 255.
255. 128
11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO
= 11111111.11111111.
11111111.10000000
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast
ID 192.168.1.0 -
192.168.1.127
192.168.1.128 -
192.168.1.255

Cisco Slash Notation.. Example 2

• Class C : 192.168.1.65/27
Network bits Host bits : 5
27
• No. of Subnets
mo of network bits
23

8 subnets
• No. of Hosts / Subnet
2 no of host bits _

= 2S -2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast

ID)
32 - 2
= 30 Hosts / Subnet
• Customized subnet mask
255. 255. 255. 0 255. 255. 255.
224

11111111.11111111.11111111.OOOOOOOO = 11111111.11111111.
11111111.11100000
• Subnet Range
Network ID Broadcast ID
192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.31
192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.63
192.168.1.64 - 192.168.1.95

192.168.1.224 - 192.168.1.255