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    Chemistry of Soaps

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    Jaskeerat
    The document discusses the chemistry of soap making. It defines key terms like chemical reaction, triglyceride and saponification. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is made through the chemical reaction of saponification, where lye (sodium hydroxide) breaks the bonds between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides. This produces soap and glycerol. Soap acts as a surfactant, making it soluble in both water and oil to bridge them and remove germs during washing.

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    Chemistry of Soaps

    Uploaded by

    Jaskeerat
    24 views8 pages
    The document discusses the chemistry of soap making. It defines key terms like chemical reaction, triglyceride and saponification. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is made through the chemical reaction of saponification, where lye (sodium hydroxide) breaks the bonds between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides. This produces soap and glycerol. Soap acts as a surfactant, making it soluble in both water and oil to bridge them and remove germs during washing.

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    The document discusses the chemistry of soap making. It defines key terms like chemical reaction, triglyceride and saponification. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is made through the chemical reaction of saponification, where lye (sodium hydroxide) breaks the bonds between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides. This produces soap and glycerol. Soap acts as a surfactant, making it soluble in both water and oil to bridge them and remove germs during washing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views8 pages

    Chemistry of Soaps

    Uploaded by

    Jaskeerat
    The document discusses the chemistry of soap making. It defines key terms like chemical reaction, triglyceride and saponification. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Soap is made through the chemical reaction of saponification, where lye (sodium hydroxide) breaks the bonds between fatty acids and glycerol in triglycerides. This produces soap and glycerol. Soap acts as a surfactant, making it soluble in both water and oil to bridge them and remove germs during washing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 8

    CHEMICAL CHANGES AND

    REACTIONS
    MAKING OF SOAPS

    PRESENTATION BY JAIKRIT BIJLANI AND ISHAAN MITTAL


    WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

    • CHEMISTRY IS THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE WHICH DEALS WITH THE COMPOSITION


    OF MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES. IT ALSO DEALS WITH CHEMICALS AND
    DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE.
    • IT IS IMPORTANT TO STUDY CHEMISTRY AS IT EXPLAINS HOW THINGS ARE
    COMPOSED OF AND HELPS US A LOT IN OUR DAILY LIVES.
    WHAT IS A CHEMICAL REACTION ?

    CHEMICAL REACTION IS A PROCESS IN


    WHICH ONE OR MORE SUBSTANCES, THE
    REACTANTS, ARE CONVERTED TO ONE OR
    MORE DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES, THE
    PRODUCTS.
    IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE ,CHEMICAL
    REACTIONS OCCUR WHEN CHEMICAL BONDS
    BETWEEN ATOMS ARE FORMED OR BROKEN.
    THE SUBSTANCES THAT GO INTO A
    CHEMICAL REACTION ARE CALLED THE
    REACTANTS, AND THE SUBSTANCES
    PRODUCED AT THE END OF THE REACTION
    ARE KNOWN AS THE PRODUCTS.
    WHAT IS CHEMISTRY OF SOAPS?

    COMMONLY USED AMONG THE MASSES. USUALLY USED WHEN WE TAKE A BATH
    TO CLEAN OUR BODY. IT CAN BE FRAGRANT AND NON FRAGRANT.
    WHEN MADE, IT INVOLVES THE HYDROLYSIS OF A TRIGLYCERIDE (FAT OR OIL)
    USING AN ALKALINE SOLUTION USUALLY LYE, CHEMICAL NAME SODIUM
    HYDROXIDE.
    WHAT IS TRIGLYCERIDE?
    THERE ARE THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF FAT PRESENT IN OUR BODY. IT IS A TYPE
    OF FAT ALSO KNOWN AS LIPID. IT CIRCULATE IN OUR BLOOD. HIGH AMOUNTS OF
    TRIGLYCERIDE CAN INCREASE THE LEVELS OF HEART ATTACK AND STROKE.
    COMPOSITION OF TRIGLYCERIDES

    • TRIGLYCERIDES IS COMPOSED OF GLYCEROL AND 3 FATTY ACIDS. THEY ARE


    PALMITIC ACID, OLEIC ACID AND ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID.
    • PALMITIC ACID ARE COMMON SATURATED FATTY ACID. THEY ARE SYNTHESIZED
    FROM OTHER FATTY ACIDS, AMINO ACIDS AND CARBOHYDRATES. IT CONTAINS
    16 ATOMS OF CARBON, 32 ATOMS OF HYDROGEN AND 2 ATOMS OF OXYGEN.
    (C₁₆H₃₂O₂)
    MAKING OF SOAP

    • SOAP IS THE PRODUCT OF A CHEMICAL REACTION


    BETWEEN WHITE, ALKALINE CRYSTALS CALLED LYE
    (ALSO KNOWN BY THE CHEMICAL NAME SODIUM
    HYDROXIDE) WITH TRIGLYCERIDES (THE CHEMICAL
    NAME FOR OILS, WAXES AND FATS). THE SCIENTIFIC
    WORD WHICH DESCRIBES THIS CHEMICAL REACTION
    IS SAPONIFICATION
    • SAPONIFICATION CAN BE DEFINED AS A “HYDRATION
    REACTION WHERE FREE HYDROXIDE BREAKS THE
    ESTER BONDS BETWEEN THE FATTY ACIDS AND
    GLYCEROL OF A TRIGLYCERIDE, RESULTING IN FREE
    FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL,” WHICH ARE EACH
    SOLUBLE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS.
    HOW SOAP WORKS

    • SOAP LIKES BOTH WATER AND OIL,


    WHICH MAKES IT A SURFACTANT – IT IS
    BOTH HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC.

    • WHEN YOU WASH YOUR HANDS, THE


    SOAP BRIDGES THE HYDROPHILIC WATER
    AND HYDROPHOBIC OIL (WHICH
    CONTAINS GERMS) ON YOUR HANDS.

    • GERMS STICK TO THE LAYER OF OIL WE


    ALL HAVE ON OUR HANDS.
    CREDITS

    PRESENTATION BY JAIKRIT BIJLANI AND ISHAAN MITTAL


    CHARTS AND POSTERS BY ISHAAN GUPTA
    MODEL BY ISHITA GHOSH

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