DECIMALS

DECIMAL & PERCENT
DECIMALS
A decimal is a representation of a fraction
whose denominator is a multiple of 10.
Examples:

PLACE VALUE
The place value of each digit with respect to the decimal point is illustrated below:
Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones and Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

1,000 100 10 1 .
↑
decimal point
Examples:
read as “one tenths”
read as “two hundredths”
read as “four and fifty-six hundredths”
read as “one hundred four thousandths”
read as “thirty seven ten thousandths”

ORDERING OF DECIMALS
Ordering of decimals involves comparing
the numerical value in each place value
from right to left.
Example:
The decimal numbers 0.5671, 0.539,
1.0024, 0.12084323, 0.12184
if arranged in descending order is
1.0024, 0.5671, 0.539, 0.12184, 0.12084
ROUNDING DECIMALS
Rounding decimals is similar to rounding whole numbers. The
digit being rounded to is increased by 1 if the next digit to it
is 5 or more, otherwise it remains the same.
The rest of the digits after the digit being rounded to will then
be replaced by zeros, provided these digits are located to the
left of the decimal point. If these digits are located to the right
of the decimal point, then they are simply deleted.
Examples:
7862.355 rounded to the nearest hundred is 7900.
7862.355 rounded to the nearest tenths is 7862.4
7862.355 rounded to the nearest hundredths is 7862.36
Fundamental Operations on
Decimals
Addition/Subtraction of decimals
Rule: Align the decimal points then add/subtract
as usual just like adding/subtracting whole
numbers. The decimal point in the result is
written directly below the decimal points in the
problem.

Examples:
1) 123.456 2) 98.610
70.9 − 58.295
+ 8.3333 40.315
202.6893
Multiplication of decimals
Rule: Disregard the decimal points and multiply
the decimals just like whole numbers. The
number of decimal places (i.e. number of digits
to the right of the decimal point) in the resulting
product is equal to the total number of decimal
places of the factors.
examples
1) 3.102  54.7 = 169.6794 2) 11.98  0.2261 = 2.708678

 Solution: Solution:

 3.102 (3 decimal places) 11.98 (2 decimal places)
  54.7 (1 decimal place) 0.2261 (4 decimal places)

 21714 1198
 12408 7188
 + 155 10___ 2396
 169.6794 (4 decimal places) + 2396____
2.708678 (6 decimal places)

Division of decimals
 Like in multiplication of decimals, division of decimals is
done just like in whole numbers. The usual long division is
applied and the position of decimal point in the resulting
quotient will depend on the position of the decimal point in
the dividend.
 Three cases are given below:
1) If both the divisor and dividend are whole numbers and the
quotient has a fractional part, then the decimal point of the
resulting quotient is placed directly above the decimal point
in the dividend (which is right after the ones digit of the
dividend).
Note that we can add as many zeros as needed after the
decimal point of the whole number in the dividend.
Example:
Solution:
52. 6
15 789. 0
75
39
30
90
90
0
 2) If the divisor is a whole number and the dividend has
a fractional part, then the decimal point of the quotient is
located directly above the decimal point in the dividend.
Note that we can add as many zeros after the last digit in
the fractional part of the dividend.
 Example:
 Solution:
13. 4125
64 858. 4000
64
218
192
26 4
256
80
64
160
128
320
320
0
 If the divisor has a fractional part, multiply both divisor
and dividend by an appropriate multiple of 10 so that the
divisor becomes a whole number, and then apply case
(ii). Recall that multiplying by a multiple of 10 or a
power of 10, say is equivalent to moving the decimal
point n places to the right.
Example:
 Solution: 6. 215
 0. 24. 1. 49. 160
144
51
48
36
24
120
120
0
FRACTIONS TO DECIMAL
2 WAYS
1. Convert first the fraction to an equivalent fraction whose
denominator is a power of 10then convert to decimal.
Examples: hence,
2. Perform the usual long division wherein the numerator is

the dividend and the denominator is the divisor.
DECIMALS TO FRACTIONS
1. To convert a terminating decimal to a fraction, apply the
concept of place value.

 Examples:
8
PERCENT
A percent which means “per hundred” is a
representation of a fraction whose denominator is
100.Thus, expressing a number in percent is like
comparing it with100.
 Example
DECIMAL TO PERCENT
 Rule : Multiply the decimal by 100% . This is
equivalent to moving the decimal point two places to the
right and appending the % sign.
 Example
◦ 0.35 = 35%
PERCENT TO DECIMAL
Rule: Divide the percent by 100% . This
is equivalent tomoving the decimal point
two places to the left and dropping off the
% sign.
Examples: 1) 75% = 0 .75

)
FRACTION TO PERCENT
 Rule: Convert first the fraction to
decimal then convert the decimal to
percent.
Example:

DECIMALS

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DECIMAL & PERCENT

Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones and Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

read as “two hundredths”

read as “four and fifty-six hundredths”

read as “one hundred four thousandths”

read as “thirty seven ten thousandths”

  54.7 (1 decimal place) 0.2261 (4 decimal places)

2. Perform the usual long division wherein the numerator is

Examples: 1) 75% = 0 .75

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