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Monolithic Reactor

Monolithic reactors are structured reactors made of a single block of material like a honeycomb containing interconnected channels. Most monolithic reactors are made of ceramic with thousands of parallel channels to provide a high surface area for catalytic reactions. Monolithic reactors are used in automotive catalytic converters and other applications to reduce vehicle and industrial emissions through catalytic processes.

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Varun pandey
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235 views12 pages

Monolithic Reactor

Monolithic reactors are structured reactors made of a single block of material like a honeycomb containing interconnected channels. Most monolithic reactors are made of ceramic with thousands of parallel channels to provide a high surface area for catalytic reactions. Monolithic reactors are used in automotive catalytic converters and other applications to reduce vehicle and industrial emissions through catalytic processes.

Uploaded by

Varun pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Monolithic Reactor

Introduction

• Monolithic reactors are structured reactor.


• Monoliths are structures that contain various
types of interconnected or separated channels
(straight, wavy, or crimped) in a single block of
material (e.g., honeycombs, foams, or
interconnected fibers).
• Most monolith reactors consist of one piece of
ceramic material.
Introduction

• Monolithic catalyst supports are extruded structures that


are the core of many catalytic converters, most diesel
particulate filters and some catalytic reactors.
• Most catalytic converters are used for vehicle emissions
control. Stationary catalytic converters can reduce air
pollution from fossil fuel power stations.
• Monoliths for automotive catalytic converters are made of
a ceramic that contains a large proportion of
synthetic cordierite, 2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2,(Magnesium iron
aluminum cyclosilicate )which has a low coefficient of
thermal expansion.
Monolith reactor
Monolith shell and tube reactor
Monolith reactor
Introduction

• Each monolith contains thousands of parallel channels or


holes, which are defined by many thin walls, in
a honeycomb structure. The channels can be
square, hexagonal, round, or other shapes. The hole density
may be from 30 to 200 per cm2, and the separating walls
can be 0.05 to 0.3 mm.
• The many small holes have a much larger surface area than
one large hole. High surface area facilitates catalytic
reaction or filtration. The open spaces in the cross-sectional
area are 72 to 87% of the frontal area, so resistance to the
flow of gases through the holes is low, which minimizes
energy consumed forcing gases through the structure.
Types of Monolith catalyst

• Coated-type” catalysts are based on an inert ceramic


substrate of low-surface area, which is coated with a
thin film of porous material that permits the
dispersion of the corresponding active phases or with
a ready-made catalyst.
• By these means, the catalytically active elements are
solely on the external walls of the monolith that is
mainly constituted by an inert and non-porous
material.
Types of Monolith catalyst

• The “incorporated” catalysts are characterized by having their


active phases distributed not only on the exterior walls of the
monolith but also within them. Two types of catalysts may be
distinguished depending on the method for active phase
incorporation:
• (a) catalysts where the active phase is deposited by
impregnation of a high surface area ceramic monolith that
acts as a support of the precursor salt
• (b) “integral” or “extruded” catalysts, in which the active
phases or their precursors are mixed with the other
components that constitute the catalyst before its extrusion
in monolithic shape.
Applications

• As three-way catalysts; diesel catalysts for the


abatement of liquid particulate (soluble organic
fraction) and gaseous CO and hydrocarbons;
• ozone abatement in aircraft; natural gas engines
• Ozone destruction on automobile radiators; CO and
hydrocarbon oxidation in small engines; selective
reduction of NOx;
• destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
from chemical plants, domestic sources and
restaurants; catalytic combustion.
Applications
As emerging applications:
hydrogen generation for the fuel cell; steam
reforming of hydrocarbons; water gas shift catalysts;
preferential oxidation of CO at low temperatures.

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