Science Proficiency Test Chemistry

SCIENCE PROFICIENCY
TEST (CHEMISTRY)
By: Prof. Actin YC
QUESTION NO. 1
• Source: InfiniTeach (YouTube)
• If the half-life of a 100g hypothetical radioactive material is 8 years, how

many grams will remain after 32 years?
a) 12.5 g
b) 25 g
c) 3.215 g
d) 6.25 g
CONCEPT BEHIND QUESTION NO.1
Half-life
The half-life of a radioactive material is the time required for half of the nuclei present to
disintegrate.
After the first half-life, half of the radioactive materials had disintegrated and half remains
unchanged.
Another half-life disintegrated and half remains and so on. (Source: my grade 10 notes)
SOLUTION FOR QUESTION NO.1
• Given: Answer: D) 6.25 g
• Starting mass: 100g
• T ½ = 8 years
• Unknown: mass of the radioactive material after 32 years
• 100/2 = 50 g -> mass of the element in 8 years

• 50/2 = 25 g -> mass of the element in 16 years
• 25/2 = 12.5 g -> mass of the element in 24 years
• 12.5/2 = 6.25 g -> mass of the element in 32 years
QUESTION NO.2
• Source: review masters (chemistry)
• The pressure of a 5L sample of a noble gas is 725 torr. Calculate the new pressure (in torr) if
the volume becomes 9L.
a) 0.5 torr
b) 2.0 torr
c) 403 torr
d) 1305 torr
Gas Laws
• Boyle’s Law- states that the pressure and volume of an ideal gas are inversely proportional
(constant temperature and mass)
• Charles’ Law- states that the volume and temperature of an ideal gas are directly
proportional (constant pressure and mass)
• Gay-Lussac’s Law- states that pressure and temperature of an ideal gas are directly
proportional (constant volume and mass)
• Avogadro’s Law- states that volume and number in moles of an ideal gas are directly
proportional (constant pressure and temperature)
• Ideal Gas Law- states that product of the pressure and volume is equal to the product of the
amount in moles, ideal gas constant, and temperature.
Sources: Science ABC and Shutterstock

• Gas Law: Boyle’s Law
• Given:
• V1= 5L
• V2= 9L
• P1= 725 torr
• Unknown: P2
• Steps to solve this: • 2. isolate the unknown.
• 1. substitute the given.
Divide both sides by 9L.
• Formula: P1V1 = P2V2
(725 torr) (5L) / 9L = P2 (9L) / 9L
• (725 torr) (5L) = P2 (9L)
P2= [(725 torr) (5L)] / 9L
• 3. Solve for P2.
Don’t forget to cancel the
• P2= [(725 torr) (5L)] / 9L common units
• P2= [(725 torr) (5)] / 9

Answer: C) 403 torr
• P2= [3625 torr] / 9
• P2= 402.778 torr-> 403 torr

QUESTION NO. 3
• Source: review masters (chemistry)
• Which molecule is polar?
a) NH3
b) CH4
c) O2
d) LiF
• Trends in the Periodic Table: Electronegativity
• Electronegativity- ability of the atoms to attract/gain electrons.

• Electronegativity increases as we go from left to right in a given period. Electronegativity
increases as we go from bottom to top in a given group.
• Metals- more on donating/losing electrons.

• Nonmetals- more on receiving/gaining electrons.
• Pauling Scale (named after Linus Pauling)- numerical scale of electronegativity

Source: Chemistry Learner
• Electronegativity Difference- this can be calculated by subtracting the smaller
electronegativity value from the larger electronegativity value.
Difference in the electronegativity Type of Bond

between atoms
0.4 or less Nonpolar covalent bond
0.5 – 1.8 Polar covalent bond
Greater than 1.8 Ionic Bond

• Let us assess which compound is the one with polar covalent bond.
a) NH3 -> N (3.0) – H (2.1) = 0.9 (Polar)

b) CH4 -> C (2.5) – H (2.1) = 0.4 (Nonpolar)
c) O2 -> O (3.5) – O (3.5) = 0 (Nonpolar)
d) LiF -> F (4.0) – Li (1.0) = 3.0 (Ionic)
Answer: A) NH3
QUESTION NO.4
• The electron configuration of a certain element stopped a 4p 2. The element’s atomic
number would be:
a) 10
b) 20
c) 22
d) 32
• Electron Configuration: Aufbau’s Principle
• Aufbau’s Principle states that electrons occupy orbitals in order from lowest energy to
highest energy.
S-orbitals = max. of 2 electrons

P-orbitals = max. of 6 electrons
D-orbitals = max. of 10 electrons
F-orbitals = max. of 14 electrons
• Since, we are given that the electron configuration stopped at 4p2, then the complete
electron configuration is:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
To find for the atomic number, simply add the superscripts:
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 10 + 2 = 32
Answer: D) 32
QUESTION NO.8
• A sample of nitrogen gas has a volume of 3 liters at 35 degrees Celsius. What is the new
volume (in mL) of the gas if the Celsius temperature is doubled?
a) 2.7
b) 3.3
c) 2700
d) 3300
• Gas Law: Charles’ Law
• Given:
• V1= 3L
• T1= 35 C
• T2= 2 (T1) = 2 (35) = 70 C
• Unknown: V2
• Steps to solve this: For T2:
• 1. Convert the temperatures. (must
always be in Kelvin) • K= + 273.15
• K= 70 C + 273.15
For T1: • K= 343.15
• K= + 273.15
• K= 35 C + 273.15
• K= 308.15
2. Substitute the given. • 2. isolate the unknown.
• Formula: V1/ T1 = V2/ T2 Multiply both sides by 343.15K .
• 3L / 308.15 K= V2/ 343.15 K • (3L / 308.15 K) 343.15 K=

• (V2/ 343.15 K) 343.15 K
V2= (3L / 308.15 K) 343.15 K

Don’t forget to cancel the
common units
• 3. Solve for V2. 4. Convert into the appropriate units: (L

-> mL) (1L = 1000mL)
• V2= (3L / 308.15 K) 343.15 K
• 3.3 L 1000 mL
• V2= (3L / 308.15) 343.15 • 3300 mL
• V2= [1029.45 L] / 343.15
Answer: D) 3300 mL
• V2= 3.34 L -> 3.3 L
And convert it to mL
QUESTION NO.9
• The volume percent of a solution of 35 mL alcohol dissolved in 80 mL water is:
a) 30
b) 44
c) 70
d) 80
• Source: (chem.libretexts.org)
• Percent by volume- The volume percent is used to express the concentration of a solution
when the volume of a solute and the volume of a solution is given:
Volume of Solution= volume of solute + volume of solvent

Answer: A) 30%
QUESTION NO. 10
• Given the following hypothetical atoms with their corresponding electron configuration:
Which atom has the LEAST first ionization energy?

a) R
b) M
c) L
d) insufficient data
• Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy:
• Ionization Energy- refers to the amount of energy required for removing an electron from an
atom
• In groups, ionization energy decreases when atomic number increases because the added
energy levels shield the power of the nuclear charge making it easier to remove outmost
electrons.
• In periods, ionization energy increase with atomic number because the increase in nuclear
charge makes it more difficult to remove outmost electrons.
• First ionization energy- is the energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from
one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+.
• ionization energy is a function of atomic radius; the larger the radius, the smaller the amount
of energy required to remove the electron from the outer most orbital. (kasi malayo sila sa
nucleus kaya madali matanggal yung electron)
Source: Geeks for Geeks
Source: Pathways to Chemistry
Answer: B) M

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SCIENCE PROFICIENCY

• If the half-life of a 100g hypothetical radioactive material is 8 years, how

• 100/2 = 50 g -> mass of the element in 8 years

Sources: Science ABC and Shutterstock

• P2= [(725 torr) (5)] / 9

• P2= 402.778 torr-> 403 torr

• Which molecule is polar?

• Electronegativity- ability of the atoms to attract/gain electrons.

• Metals- more on donating/losing electrons.

• Pauling Scale (named after Linus Pauling)- numerical scale of electronegativity

Difference in the electronegativity Type of Bond

0.4 or less Nonpolar covalent bond

0.5 – 1.8 Polar covalent bond

Greater than 1.8 Ionic Bond

a) NH3 -> N (3.0) – H (2.1) = 0.9 (Polar)

S-orbitals = max. of 2 electrons

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2

To find for the atomic number, simply add the superscripts:

• Formula: V1/ T1 = V2/ T2 Multiply both sides by 343.15K .

• 3L / 308.15 K= V2/ 343.15 K • (3L / 308.15 K) 343.15 K=

V2= (3L / 308.15 K) 343.15 K

• 3. Solve for V2. 4. Convert into the appropriate units: (L

• V2= [1029.45 L] / 343.15

Volume of Solution= volume of solute + volume of solvent

Which atom has the LEAST first ionization energy?

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