This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network media types, topologies, and Cisco Packet Tracer simulation software. It defines wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also explains common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Finally, it introduces Cisco Packet Tracer as a visual simulation tool for modeling computer networks and configuring Cisco routers and switches.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network media types, topologies, and Cisco Packet Tracer simulation software. It defines wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also explains common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Finally, it introduces Cisco Packet Tracer as a visual simulation tool for modeling computer networks and configuring Cisco routers and switches.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network media types, topologies, and Cisco Packet Tracer simulation software. It defines wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also explains common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Finally, it introduces Cisco Packet Tracer as a visual simulation tool for modeling computer networks and configuring Cisco routers and switches.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including network media types, topologies, and Cisco Packet Tracer simulation software. It defines wired media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable. It also explains common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid. Finally, it introduces Cisco Packet Tracer as a visual simulation tool for modeling computer networks and configuring Cisco routers and switches.
100 meters before suffering from attenuation. Both uses an RJ-45 Connector (the loss of signal strength in networking cables or connections) Wired Media 1. Twisted Pair
Wiring standards:
• EIA/TIA – 568A vs 568B
Electronic Industries Alliance
& Telecommunications Industry Associations RG-58: has been primarily replaced by Wired Media twisted pair.
2. Coaxial
It is made up of 4 layers: - Copper core RG-59 & RG-6: Typically used for cable tv. - Inner insulator - Shielding wire mesh - Outer insulator Wired Media 3. Fiber Optic uses light pulses instead of electricity to transmit data.
PROs: • More secure • Not susceptible to EMI • Very fast • Long distances
CONs: • More expensive • Not as flexible Wired Media Common Connectors
RJ-45 RG-6 RG-59
Understanding HUB, SWITCH, and ROUTER Network Topology What is a Network Topology?
- A network topology is the layout of how computers
connect or relate to one another in a computer network.
- A visual representation of a network's devices,
connections, and paths, allowing you to picture how devices are interconnected and how they communicate with one another. 1. Physical Topology – Describes 2. Logical Topology – Describes the way computers connect with the way data flows from one the help of cables. computer to another within the computer network. Network Topology 1. Bus Topology - also known as line topology, is a type of network topology in which all devices in the network are connected by one central RJ-45 network cable or coaxial cable. The single cable, where all data is transmitted between devices, is referred to as the bus, backbone, or trunk. Network Topology 2. Star Topology - is a type of network topology in which every device in the network is individually connected to a central node, known as the switch or hub. When represented visually, this topology resembles a star which gives it its name. Network Topology 3. Ring Topology - is a type of network topology in which each device is connected to two other devices on either side via an RJ-45 cable or coaxial cable. This forms a circular ring of connected devices which gives it its name. Data is commonly transferred in one direction along the ring, known as a unidirectional ring. Network Topology 4. Mesh Topology - is a network topology in which all devices in the network are interconnected. In a mesh topology, data can be transmitted by routing (sent the shortest distance) and flooding (sent to all devices) . Network Topology 5. Hybrid Topology - is the combination of two or more networks. The network type could be Star, Ring, Bus, or Mesh. However, in most cases, only the Star and Ring topologies are used to create a Hybrid network. What is a Simulation? Simulation is the process of modeling, building a model, but to actually simulate, we take the model and play with it. In other words we are conducting experiments with this model.
1. Designing a model of a real system.
2. Conduct experiments with this model. It means model building + experimenting, or generating data with the model.
Why Simulate?
Simulation allows you to explore 'what if' questions and scenarios without having to experiment on the real system itself.
Simulation solves real-world problems safely and efficiently. It provides an important method of analysis which is easily verified, communicated, and understood.
Across industries and disciplines, simulation modeling provides valuable solutions by giving clear insights into complex systems. Basic Goals of Simulation The objective of a simulation experimentation may be:
1. Estimation of some quantity or measure of effectiveness.
2. To gain an understanding of the behavior of the system. 3. Evaluation of various alternative strategies. Introduction to CISCO Packet Tracer CISCO Packet Tracer
is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. CISCO Packet Tracer’s interface 1. Menu Bar – This bar provides the File, Edit, Options, View, Tools, Extensions, and Help menus. You will find basic commands such as Open, Save, Save as Pkz, Print, and Preferences in these menus. You will also be able to access the Activity Wizard from the Extensions menu.
2. Main Tool Bar – This bar provides shortcut icons to
the File and Edit menu commands. This bar also provides buttons for Copy, Paste, Undo, Redo, Zoom, the Drawing Palette, and the Custom Devices Dialog. On the right, you will also find the Network Information button, which you can use to enter a description for the current network (or any text you wish to include). 3. Common Tools Bar - This bar provides access to these commonly used workspace tools: Select, Move Layout, Place Note, Delete, Inspect, Resize Shape, Add Simple PDU, and Add Complex PDU. See “Workspace Basics” for more information. 4. Logical/Physical Workspace and Navigation Bar – You can toggle between the Physical Workspace and the Logical Workspace with the tabs on this bar. In Logical Workspace, this bar also allows you to go back to a previous level in a cluster, create a New Cluster, Move Object, Set Tiled Background, and Viewport. In Physical Workspace, this bar allows you to navigate through physical locations, create a New City, create a New Building, create a New Closet, Move Object, apply a Grid to the background, Set Background, and go to the Working Closet. 5. Workspace – This area is where you will create your network, watch simulations, and view many kinds of information and statistics. CISCO Packet Tracer’s interface
6. Real Time/Simulation Bar– You can toggle between Realtime
Mode and Simulation Mode with the tabs on this bar. This bar also provides buttons to Power Cycle Devices and Fast Forward Time as well as the Play Control buttons and the Event List toggle button in Simulation Mode. Also, it contains a clock that displays the relative Time in Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode. 7. Network Component Box – This box is where you choose devices and connections to put into the workspace. It contains the Type of Device Selection Box and the Specific Device Selection Box. 8. Type of Device - This box contains the type of devices and connections available in Packet Tracer. The Specific Device Selection Box will change depending on which type of device you choose. 9. Specific Device – This box is where you choose specifically which devices you want to put in your network and which connections to make. 10. User Created Packet Window - This window manages the packets you put in the network during simulation scenarios. See the “Simulation Mode” section for more details. That’s all for today Thank You !!
