 KINSHIP BY BLOOD

Lesson 1:

 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
KINSHIP TIES Lesson 2:

AND
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL
Lesson 3:
SOCIAL
NETWORKS
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
Lesson 4:

 POLITICS OF KINSHIP
Lesson 5:
  KINSHIP BY BLOOD
Lesson 1:

 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
Lesson 2:
KINSHIP TIES
AND  KINSHIP BY RITUAL
SOCIAL Lesson 3:
NETWORKS
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
Lesson 4:

 POLITICS OF KINSHIP
Lesson 5:
LESSON 1:

KINSHIP TIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS:

KINSHIP BY BLOOD
 KINSHIP BY BLOOD

KINSHIP BY BLOOD
o Kinship by blood can be classified into different degrees of
relationships. Parents and their children, siblings, and
extended family members such as grandparents, aunts,
uncles, and cousins are all examples of blood relatives. These
individuals tend to have a closer emotional bond and are
often involved in key life events, such as weddings, births,
and funerals.
  KINSHIP BY BLOOD

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & THE FAMILY

o are semi-permanent sets of relationships in
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS society that last for a long period of time.

o Social institutions are considered as

FAMILY
cultural universal, since they are almost
always present in the different cultures
and societies across time and space.
  KINSHIP BY BLOOD

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & THE FAMILY

o Family is the basic unit of society.
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
o It is defined by Kingsley Davis as a group of people
related by consanguinity that maintains close relationship
to each other.

FAMILY o The institution of the family is responsible for taking good

care of the future members of society. This includes
attending to the needs of the children from infancy until
adulthood. It is also the first agent of socialization, which
orients children on how to be good members of society.
  KINSHIP BY BLOOD

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS & THE FAMILY

o A family of orientation is the type of family
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
that one is born into and grows up with, usually
as a child of two parents.

o This is in contrast with the family of

FAMILY procreation, which is the type of family that one
creates through marriage, adoption, and other
legal processes, usually as one of the parents.
 KINSHIP BY BLOOD

PRACTICES IN TRACING FAMILY LINEAGE

o Exclusive identification to only one of the parent’s lineage is called unilineal
system. Members of a family can either identify to patrilineal or matrilineal
lines.

o In patrilineal societies, children only recognize the father’s side as members of

their family.

o On the other hand, tracing kinship from the female parent’s side is called
matrilineal.
 KINSHIP BY BLOOD

PRACTICES IN TRACING FAMILY LINEAGE

o This practice is evident in Bible stories and Roman and Greek
mythology. Due to these systems, biologically related people can
sometimes end up marrying each other.

o Another way of tracing descent is the bilateral system. In this case,

people consider both the father’s and mother’s sides as their
relatives.
LESSON 2:

KINSHIP TIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS:

KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE
o Kinship by marriage refers to the social and legal relationships that
are established through marriage. It encompasses the various roles
and connections that individuals acquire when they marry into a
family. This can include relationships with one's spouse, in-laws,
and extended family members on both sides. Kinship by marriage
often involves rights, responsibilities, and expectations within the
family and can vary widely across different cultures and societies. It
plays a significant role in shaping family dynamics and social
structures.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

SOCIETIES RULE FOR MARRIAGE

ENDOGAMY
Endogamy is a cultural practice or social norm where individuals
within a specific group, community, or social unit are expected or
required to marry someone within that same group, rather than
marrying outside of it. This practice often occurs for various reasons,
such as preserving cultural, religious, or ethnic identity,
maintaining social cohesion, or preventing the dilution of particular
traits or traditions.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

SOCIETIES RULE FOR MARRIAGE

EXOGAMY
Exogamy is a cultural practice or social norm in which individuals are
expected or required to marry someone outside of a specific group,
community, or social unit, rather than marrying within that same group.
This practice encourages people to seek spouses from different social,
cultural, or ethnic backgrounds.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

SOCIETIES RULE FOR MARRIAGE

POLYGAMY
Polygamy is a marriage practice in which an individual has multiple
spouses simultaneously. There are several forms of polygamy,
including:

• Polygyny
• Polyandry
• Group marriage
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

POLYGAMY
• Polygyny:
This is the most common form of polygamy, where a man has multiple wifes at
the same time. Each wife is married exclusively to the same husband.

• Polyandry:
This is the opposite of polygyny, where a woman has multiple husbands
concurrently. Each husband is married exclusively to the same wife.

• Group marriage:
In some cases, multiple men and women may form a marital union together, with

all members considered spouses of each other. This form is less common and
often referred to as polyamorous or communal living.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

SOCIETIES RULE FOR MARRIAGE

MONOGAMY
Monogamy is a marriage or relationship practice in which an
individual has only one spouse or romantic partner at a time. In a
monogamous relationship, the person commits to being exclusive
with one partner and does not engage in romantic or sexual
relationships with others outside of that partnership.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

SOCIETIES RULE FOR MARRIAGE

SHARIA LAW
Sharia, often referred to as Sharia law, is a system of Islamic law and
principles derived from the Quran (the holy book of Islam) and the
Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad). It serves
as a guide for Muslims in matters of faith, morality, and daily life,
covering various aspects such as family, marriage, divorce, inheritance,
contracts, and criminal law.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

POST -MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES

PATRILOCAL RESIDENCE
Patrilocal residence is a cultural and social living arrangement in which
a married couple resides with or near the husband's family or in the
husband's community after marriage. In patrilocal societies, it is
customary for the wife to move to the husband's family or village,
where she often lives with her husband's parents or close relatives. This
practice is in contrast to matrilocal residence, where the married couple

lives with or near the wife's family.

 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

POST -MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES

MATRILOCAL RESIDENCE
Matrilocal residence is a cultural and social living arrangement in
which a married couple resides with or near the wife's family or in
the wife's community after marriage. In matrilocal societies, it is
customary for the husband to move to the wife's family or village,
where he often lives with the wife's parents or close relatives. This
practice is in contrast to patrilocal residence, where the married
couple lives with or near the husband's family.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

POST -MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES

AMBILOCAL RESIDENCE
Ambilocal residence, also known as bilocal residence, is a cultural
and
social living arrangement in which a married couple has the flexibility
to choose whether they will live with or near the husband's family or
the wife's family after marriage. In ambilocal residence systems, the
couple has the option to decide which set of relatives they want to
reside with, or they may even choose to live separately from both
families.
 KINSHIP BY MARRIAGE

POST -MARITAL RESIDENCE RULES

NEOLOCAL RESIDENCE
Neolocal residence is a cultural and social living arrangement in which
a newly married couple establishes their own independent household
separate from the households of both the husband's and wife's families.
In neolocal residence systems, the couple typically finds a new place to
live, which may be separate from the homes of their respective parents
and families.
LESSON 3:

KINSHIP TIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS:

KINSHIP BY RITUAL
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL

KINSHIP BY RITUAL

o Aside from the familial ties built through blood relations

and marriage, familial ties can also be formed through
rituals. This is called fictive kinship.
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL

KINSHIP BY RITUAL
 Fictive Kinship
is a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe
forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither blood ties
nor marriage ties. It contrasts with true kinship ties.Through the
rituals, people can form bonds and treat each other like a family
member. An exact depiction of this phenomenon is the
compadrazgo system.
 KINSHIP BY RITUAL

KINSHIP BY RITUAL
 Compadrazgo
is the Spanish term for “co-parenthood,” which is actualized by the
godparents after being part of rituals or ceremonies, like baptism,
weddings, and religious confirmation.

This social phenomenon creates two types of relationships.

• First is the bond between the parents and the godparents.

• Second is the relationship between the child or couple to the godparents.

 KINSHIP BY RITUAL

KINSHIP BY RITUAL

This practice is also evident in the Filipino culture, as an

influence of Spanish colonizers. This is in the form of compadre
or ninong and ninang. They are considered as the second parents
of the child.They have the responsibility in guiding the child to
be a good son or daughter, as well as inspire them in their
religious faith. In cases of the early death of the parents, they are
expected to help in raising the children.
LESSON 4:

KINSHIP TIES AND SOCIAL NETWORKS:

FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

Household is a group of people sharing

a common house.

 Nuclear Family is when parents and

their children occupy a single house.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

Extended
Family includes other relatives in the house,
such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

 Cohabitation is the act of sharing a

household by unmarried couples.
Cohabiting couples may share their
household with their children.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

TYPES OF FAMILIES IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

 Transnational family is a type of family where one or more of its members live in
different
nations. This social phenomenon is prevalent in Philippine society due to overseas
employment.

 Single-parent families only have one parent taking responsibility for their children.

 Reconstituted Family here are also instances where a single parent marries another
single parent, thus joining their households together. It is a type of family where at
least one of the parents has
children from a previous relationship.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

ANNULMENT VS. DIVORCE

o Marriage is a legal contract, and there are also

legal means for couples to separate. In the
Philippines, legal separation allows the couple to
stay in different households, while their marriage
is still considered as valid.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

ANNULMENT VS. DIVORCE

o Annulment nullifies the wedding, which means

the marriage was never valid due to certain
grounds. This allows the couples to marry again.
This process is often confused with divorce.
 FAMILY AND THE HOUSEHOLD

ANNULMENT VS. DIVORCE

o Divorce is the legal termination of marriage,
which means that the marriage was valid, but the
couple have decided to formally separate. At
present, divorce is still not legal in the
Philippines. The Philippines is the only country
which prohibits divorce, aside from the Vatican
City.
LESSON 5:
KINSHIP TIES AND SOCIAL
NETWORKS: POLITICS OF KINSHIP
 POLITICS OF KINSHIP

POLITICS AMONG FAMILY MEMBER

Patriarchal- is a social system in which positions of dominance and
privilege are primarily held by men.

Matriarchal- matriarchal family known as mother centered or mother

dominated family. The mother or the woman is the head of the family.

Egalitarian-egalitarian relationships are best explained as

relationships in which all parties share equal roles in the relationship.
 POLITICS OF KINSHIP

POLITICS AMONG FAMILIES IN SOCIETY

Political Dynasties- is a family in which multiple

members are involved in politics.
 POLITICS OF KINSHIP

TYPES OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES

• Vertical Dynasty-politician from the same family

that holds government at the same time

• Horizontal Dynasty-members of the same family

holds the same postion pver time
 POLITICS OF KINSHIP

HISTORY MAKER
Claude Levi-Strausshwas a French social anthropologist and a
leading exponent of structuralism.Often known as "the father of
modern anthropology“

He served as an academician in University of Paris, University of

Sao Paulo, New School for Social Research and College de
France. Among his notable works are The Elementary Structures
of Kinship, A World of the Wane, Structural Anthropology and
The Savage Mind. He died at the age of 100 on October 30,
2009.
THANK YOU!