01.1. Big Bang

DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS INC.
VICMICO, Victorias City, 6119 Negros Occidental, Philippines

Senior High School Department | School Year 2022–2023
BIG BANG
THEORY
Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics 11
Chapter 1: Earth and Space
Prepared by: Lord William B. Pacurib
OBJECTIVES
Big Bang Theory
• Explain the fundamental concepts of the Big Bang
Theory.
• Describe the historical development of the Big Bang
Theory as the leading explanation of our cosmogony.
• Analyze the observational evidence supporting the Big
Bang Theory.
• Discuss the broader implications and significance of
the Big Bang Theory in shaping our understanding of
the universe's origin, evolution, and the formation of
cosmic structures.
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INTRODUCTION
Big Bang Theory
Can you picture a moment when space itself
started expanding, carrying galaxies away from
one another?
• Do you think it's possible that the universe
wasn't always here but had a definite
beginning?
• Have you ever gazed at the night sky and
pondered the mysteries of space, like why
galaxies are moving away from us?

LESSON PROPER
Definition of the Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory is the
prevailing cosmological explanation
for the origin of the universe,
proposing that it began as an
infinitely hot and dense point
roughly 13.8 billion years ago, and
has since been expanding and
evolving into its current state.

INTERACTION
Definition of the Big Bang Theory
How does the concept of the

Big Bang challenge
traditional views about the
origin of the universe?

LESSON PROPER
Historical Context and Development of the Big Bang Theory
• In the early 20th century, astronomers observed that

galaxies were moving away from each other,
sparking debates about the nature of the universe's
structure.
• Belgian priest and astronomer Father Georges
Lemaître proposed the "hypothesis of the primeval
atom" in 1927, suggesting that the universe had a
beginning from a single point of extreme density and
temperature.
• Edwin Hubble's observations in the late 1920s
provided strong evidence for the expansion of the
universe, correlating galaxies' redshifts with their
distance from us.

INTERACTION
Historical Context and Development of the Big
Bang Theory
How did the discovery of redshift

in distant galaxies by Edwin
Hubble contribute to the
acceptance of the Big Bang
Theory, and how did it challenge
earlier static universe models?

LESSON PROPER
Historical Context and Development of the Big Bang Theory
• The term "Big Bang" was coined by

British astronomer Fred Hoyle in a radio
broadcast in 1949, initially meant to be a
dismissive term for Lemaître's theory.
• Over time, accumulating observational
evidence, like the discovery of cosmic
microwave background radiation,
solidified the Big Bang Theory's status as
the leading explanation for the universe's
origin and evolution.

LESSON PROPER
Evidences Supporting the Big Bang Theory
The redshift of galaxies and Hubble's Law show
that galaxies are moving away from us, consistent
with the idea of an expanding universe that
originated from a single point.
• Redshift refers to the phenomenon where light
from distant galaxies is shifted towards longer
wavelengths due to the expansion of the
universe, indicating their motion away from us.
• Hubble's Law is the observation that galaxies
are moving away from us, and the farther they
are, the faster they are moving, indicating the
expansion of the universe.

LESSON PROPER
The discovery of cosmic microwave

background radiation, a faint glow
uniformly spread throughout the
universe, matches the predicted
afterglow of the intense heat of the
early universe, providing strong
evidence for the Big Bang.

LESSON PROPER
The abundance of light elements like

hydrogen and helium in the universe
aligns with the conditions expected
from the high-energy environment of
the Big Bang's early stages,
supporting the theory's predictions
about the universe's formation.

INTERACTION
Imagine you're a scientist tasked with

communicating the significance of the
cosmic microwave background radiation
to a non-scientific audience. How would
you explain this evidence in a way that
highlights its importance in confirming the
Big Bang theory while addressing
potential misconceptions?

LESSON PROPER
Timeline of the Big Bang Theory
1. Planck Era: Time immediately after the Big Bang
when the universe was extremely hot and dense, and
the laws of physics as we know them might not have
applied.
2. Inflationary Epoch: A rapid expansion of space
caused by an unknown energy field, smoothing out
irregularities and setting the stage for the universe's
later structures.
3. Quark-Gluon Plasma Era: Formation of quarks and
gluons, the building blocks of protons and neutrons,
as the universe cooled down enough for individual
particles to emerge.

LESSON PROPER
4. Electroweak Era: The universe's temperature
drops, allowing the electromagnetic and weak
nuclear forces to separate, leading to the
formation of fundamental particles.
5. Particle Era: Formation of protons, neutrons,
and electrons, which later combine to form the
first atoms, primarily hydrogen and helium.
6. Dark Ages: A period where the universe is
filled with neutral atoms, leading to a lack of
visible light and a cooling of the universe.

LESSON PROPER
7. Reionization Era: The first galaxies and stars
form, emitting intense radiation that ionizes the
surrounding neutral atoms, making the universe
transparent to light.
8. Stellar and Galaxy Formation Era: Stars, galaxies,
and cosmic structures start to form through
gravitational attraction and the condensation of
matter in regions of higher density.
9. Present Era: The universe continues to expand,
galaxies move away from each other, and various
cosmic phenomena, such as dark matter and dark
energy, shape the universe's evolution.

INTERACTION
Consider the idea of inflation in the
early universe and its role in shaping
cosmic structures. How does the
concept of inflation address certain
observational features of the universe
that might be challenging to explain
without this theory?

INTEGRATION
Group Activity
Speculate on the potential

consequences if the Big Bang had not
occurred. Connect your ideas to the
stages discussed and share your
insights with the class.

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DON BOSCO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF VICTORIAS INC.

VICMICO, Victorias City, 6119 Negros Occidental, Philippines

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

How does the concept of the

Where Soul Meets Technology

• In the early 20th century, astronomers observed that

Where Soul Meets Technology

How did the discovery of redshift

Where Soul Meets Technology

• The term "Big Bang" was coined by

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

The discovery of cosmic microwave

Where Soul Meets Technology

The abundance of light elements like

Where Soul Meets Technology

Imagine you're a scientist tasked with

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

Where Soul Meets Technology

Speculate on the potential

Where Soul Meets Technology

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