PICE-HAUSC “CEmposium 2021: Webinar Session”

Sustainable Construction Methods and Engineering

Sustainable Construction Materials

and Renewable Sources

Presented By
J. Berlin P. Juanzon, PhD 1
Outline
 Introduction to Sustainability
 Importance of Green Building Technology
 Environmental waste products
 Convertingwaste products /resources into
useful construction materials / energy
 Conclusion

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Introduction

Sustainability means that a

process or state can be maintained at a
certain level for as long as is wanted...

Source: World Green Building Council

Introduction
Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is the
development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet
their own needs.

Source: World Green Building Council

Introduction

Sustainable Development Goals

Source: UNDP
Sustainable Construction

Sustainability in the built

environment is becoming a strong
force in the construction industry to
achieve social and environmental
benefits and to lower negative
environment impacts.

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Drivers of Sustainable Construction
Energy
conservation
Water
Green building conservation
rating systems

Environmental
Indoor Drivers of /Natural resource
Environmental
Quality Sustainable conservation
Construction
Land Use and
Urban Planning
Waste Reduction

Proactive role of materials

manufacturers
Sustainable Construction

Source: Amornrut Det Udomsap(2020)

 Sustainable Construction Materials
Environmentally-friendly materials or green building
materials.
In building, environmentally-friendly materials (also
known as green building materials) are those in which, for
their production, placing and maintenance, actions of low
environmental impact have been performed.

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Introduction
A ‘green’ building is a building that, in
its design, construction or operation, reduces
or eliminates negative impacts, and can
create positive impacts, on our climate and
natural environment.
Green buildings preserve precious
natural resources and improve our quality of
life.
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Source: World Green Building Council

Negative impacts on environment
Common effects include decreased
water quality, increased pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of
natural resources and contribution to global
climate change.

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What makes a building ‘green’?
 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
 Use of renewable
renewable energy,
energy such as solar energy
 Pollution and waste
waste reduction
reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and
recycling
recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
 Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and
operation
 A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
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Waste
Waste are items we (individuals, offices,
schools, industries, hospitals) don’t need and discard.
Sometimes there are things we have that the law
requires us to discard because they can be harmful.
Waste comes in infinite sizes—some can be as
small as an old toothbrush, or as large as the body of
a school bus.

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 Types of Waste
1. Municipal Waste
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated
from households, offices, hotels, shops, schools
and other institutions.

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 Types of Waste
2. Industrial Solid Waste
Industrial solid waste means solid waste
generated by manufacturing or industrial
processes that is not a hazardous waste.

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Converting waste into sustainable
construction materials

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Rubber Tires
Several studies have shown that tire waste can be
successfully used in concrete, grass turf, asphalt mix,
embankments, stone cladding, flowable fill and clay composite.
It is possible to design high strength concrete in which
waste tire rubber may be utilized as a partial substitute for
fine aggregate up to 12.5% by weight in concrete mix.

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Recycled Concrete Aggregate
After demolition of old roads and buildings, the
removed concrete is often considered worthless and disposed
of as demolition waste.
By collecting the used concrete and breaking it up,
recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is created.

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Recycled Glass
Chemically, crushed waste glass contains large
quantities of silicon and calcium with an amorphous structure;
therefore, it has a possibility to act as a pozzolanic or even a
cementitious material (Jani and Hogland, 2014).
Therefore, waste glass in concrete has been used
either as an aggregate or as a partial cement replacement.

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Recycled plastics
Uses of recycled plastic in the construction industry
include plastic strips to add to soil embankments, which has
positive results of increasing the measured strength in
reinforcement of soils.

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Silica Fume
Silica fume is a byproduct of producing silicon metal or
ferrosilicon alloys. One of the most beneficial uses for silica
fume is in concrete. Because of its chemical and physical
properties, it is a very reactive pozzolan.
Concrete containing silica fume can have very high
strength and can be very durable.

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Fly Ash / Volcanic Ash
Fly ash is a byproduct from burning pulverized coal in
electric power generating plants. During combustion, mineral
impurities in the coal (clay, feldspar, quartz, and shale) fuse in
suspension and float out of the combustion chamber with the
exhaust gases.
It can be used as partial replacement of cement
because of its beneficial effects, such as, lower water demand
for similar workability, reduced bleeding, reduce cracking at
early age and lower evolution of heat.

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Slag
Slag is a co-product of the iron and steel making
process. It is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired
metal has been separated from its raw ore.
Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon
dioxide. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and
elemental metals.
It can be utilized as partial replacement of coarse
aggregates in concrete.

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Carpets
Old carpet is being recycled and used in composite
lumber (both decking and sheets), tile backer board, roofing
shingles, rail road ties, automotive parts, carpet cushion and
stepping stones.
Carpet fibers can be used as fiber reinforcement in
concrete.

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Sewage Sludge
Sludge ash has been investigated in the production of
concrete. Results of several studies have indicated the benefits
of using sewage slag ash in concrete such as compressive
strength, freeze- thaw resistance and good hardening
properties.
Sewage sludge ash may be used as a mineral filler
substitute or as a portion of the fine aggregate in hot mix
asphalt paving.

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Cement Kiln Dust
Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), is a byproduct of
manufacturing Portland cement. It is fine grained, highly
alkaline waste, removed from the cement kiln exhaust gas by
air pollution control devices.
Uses of CKD may include: soil stabilization, waste
treatment, cement replacement and asphalt pavement. CKD is
perfect as soil stabilizer improving soils strength and
minimizing work and cost.

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Epoxy-Based Waste
Electronic waste is an emerging issue posing serious
pollution problems in the environment. One of the alternative to
solve the disposal of large amount of E-waste material is to
reuse it as a useful material, and E-waste in concrete industry
is considered as one of the most feasible application.
Due to increase in cost of traditional coarse aggregate,
engineers try to find ways for suitable alternatives to replace
aggregates

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Commonly Recycled Materials

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Source: Johnny Bolden, Taher Abu-Lebdeh and Ellie Fini (2013)

Renewable Source

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Renewable Sources / Energy

Renewable resources have essentially an

endless supply, such as solar energy, wind
energy, water energy and geothermal
pressure, while other resources are
considered renewable even though some time
or effort must go into their renewal.

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Solar energy
Solar panel electricity systems, also known as photo-
voltaics (PV), capture the sun's energy using photovoltaic cells.
The cells convert the sunlight into electricity, which
can be used to run household appliances and lighting.

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Wind Energy
Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by
which wind is used to generate electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind
into mechanical power.

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Geothermal Energy
At a geothermal power plant, wells are drilled 1 or 2
miles deep into the Earth to pump steam or hot water to the
surface.
These power plants can be found in an area that has a
lot of hot springs, geysers, or volcanic activity, because these
are places where the Earth is particularly hot just below the
surface.

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Water Energy

A hydroelectric dam captures energy

from the movement of a river. Dam operators
control the flow of water and the amount of
electricity produced.

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Biomass Energy
Biomass is a fancy name for material from plants and
animals. Some kinds of biomass can be burned to produce
energy. One common example is wood.
Biomass contains stored energy. That's because plants
absorb energy from the sun through the process of
photosynthesis. When biomass is burned, this stored energy is
released as heat.

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Rice husk ash (RHA)
RHA generally referred to an agricultural by-
product of burning husk under controlled temperature of
below 800 °C. The process produces about 25% ash
containing 85% to 90% amorphous silica plus about 5%
alumina, which makes it highly pozzolanic.
RHA possibly compensate the problem of recycling
huge quantity of husk wastes to be landfilled.

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Natural Fibers
Natural fibers are renewable resources, where the
production of these fibers require little energy, plus the fact that
it is ecological.
Natural fibers are classified hair-like material that are
perpetual filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar
to pieces of thread.

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TYPES OF NATURAL FIBERS

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Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC)

is cementing concrete reinforced
mixture with more or less randomly
distributed small fibers.

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 Conclusion
Sustainable-green infrastructure is growing concept
of saving energy, natural resources and cost, as well as in
the solution to environmental concerns involving waste.
In order to accomplish the growing industry of
green infrastructure, the end users including contractors,
engineers and suppliers have to be informed about what
recycled/waste materials are available to use in the
construction industry.

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 Conclusion
Review of several studies suggested that the use of
recycled materials has positive impact through different
aspects.
This include the benefits in enhancing
sustainability of the construction industry while reducing
cost, providing solutions to environmental pollution and
reducing the need for natural resources.

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Conclusion

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the

key to solving global climate change. A major
way these gases get into the atmosphere is when
people burn coal, oil, and natural gas for energy.
Everyone uses energy, and everyone can be part
of the solution!.

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 T
H
A
N
K

‘YOU’

Wish you all the best... 43