Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 21 views

    Multi Critterial

    Uploaded by

    Raquel Panillos
    The document discusses multi-criterial theories of moral personhood proposed by philosophers like Mary Anne Warren. These theories identify a combination of two or more qualities, like consciousness, reasoning, self-awareness etc. that sufficiently define moral personhood. The document outlines Warren's cognitive theory of personhood which identifies five traits central to personhood - consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, communication capacity, and self-concept. Multi-criterial theories can be understood conjunctively, requiring all traits, or disjunctively, requiring one or more traits. The disjunctive liberal interpretation is considered more acceptable as it limits fewer entities from moral consideration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Multi Critterial

    Uploaded by

    Raquel Panillos
    21 views38 pages
    The document discusses multi-criterial theories of moral personhood proposed by philosophers like Mary Anne Warren. These theories identify a combination of two or more qualities, like consciousness, reasoning, self-awareness etc. that sufficiently define moral personhood. The document outlines Warren's cognitive theory of personhood which identifies five traits central to personhood - consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, communication capacity, and self-concept. Multi-criterial theories can be understood conjunctively, requiring all traits, or disjunctively, requiring one or more traits. The disjunctive liberal interpretation is considered more acceptable as it limits fewer entities from moral consideration.

    Original Description:

    ethics

    Original Title

    MULTI-CRITTERIAL (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses multi-criterial theories of moral personhood proposed by philosophers like Mary Anne Warren. These theories identify a combination of two or more qualities, like consciousness, reasoning, self-awareness etc. that sufficiently define moral personhood. The document outlines Warren's cognitive theory of personhood which identifies five traits central to personhood - consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, communication capacity, and self-concept. Multi-criterial theories can be understood conjunctively, requiring all traits, or disjunctively, requiring one or more traits. The disjunctive liberal interpretation is considered more acceptable as it limits fewer entities from moral consideration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views38 pages

    Multi Critterial

    Uploaded by

    Raquel Panillos
    The document discusses multi-criterial theories of moral personhood proposed by philosophers like Mary Anne Warren. These theories identify a combination of two or more qualities, like consciousness, reasoning, self-awareness etc. that sufficiently define moral personhood. The document outlines Warren's cognitive theory of personhood which identifies five traits central to personhood - consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, communication capacity, and self-concept. Multi-criterial theories can be understood conjunctively, requiring all traits, or disjunctively, requiring one or more traits. The disjunctive liberal interpretation is considered more acceptable as it limits fewer entities from moral consideration.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 38

    MULTI-CRITERIAL THEORY

    OF MORAL
    PERSONHOOD
    MULTI-CRITERIAL THEORIES
    OF PERSONHOOD IDENTIFY
    A COMBINATION OF TWO OR
    MORE QUALITIES THAT
    SUFFICIENTLY DEFINES
    MORAL PERSONHOOD.
    MARY ANNE WARREN IS AN
    AMERICAN WRITER AND A
    PHILOSOPHY PROFESSOR.
    COGNITIVE THEORY OF
    PERSONHOOD
    1. CONSCIOUSNESS
    2. REASONING
    3. SELF-MOTIVATED
    ACTIVITY;
    4. COMMUNICATION
    5. SELF-CONCEPT AND SELF-
    AWARENESS
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:
    1. Consciousness (especially the
    capacity to feel pain) – it is
    consciousness of events external and
    internal to the being. Awareness of
    what’s going on in your mind and the
    capacity to feel pain.
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:
    2. Reasoning – the capacity to solve
    new and relatively complex problems

    3. Self-motivated activity –
    independent of either genetic or direct
    external control.
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:
    4. The capacity to communicate – by
    whatever means, messages of an
    indefinite variety of types, on indefinite
    number of possible contents.
    5. The presence of self-concepts and
    self-awareness.
    THERE ARE TWO WAYS
    TO UNDERSTAND THIS
    APPROACH.

    1. CONJUCTIVELY
    2. DISJUNCTIVELY
    CONJUCTIVE CONSTRUAL

    WE REFER TO AS STRICT
    IMPLEMENTATION. WHERE
    IT REQUIRES THE
    OCCURENECE OF ALL ITS
    COMPONENT FEATURES.
    CONJUCTIVE CONSTRUAL
    LETS TAKE THE RATIONALITY-
    SENTIENCE COMBINATION IN
    WARREN’S COGNITIVE THEORY. THIS
    THEORY IMPLIES THAT ENTITIES ARE
    PERSONS ONLY IF THEY POSSES
    BOTH FEATURES OF SENTIENCE AND
    RATIONALITY.
    CONJUCTIVE CONSTRUAL

    CONSEQUENTLY, ENTITIES THAT (a)


    ARE NEITHER SENTIENT NOR
    RATIONAL (B) ARE SENTIENT BUT
    NON-RATIONAL (C) ARE RATIONAL
    BUT NON-SENTIENT, ARE NOT
    PERSONS.
    DISJUNCTIVE CONSTRUAL

    WE REFER TO AS LIBERAL
    INTERPRETATION, THE
    COMBINATION ONLY REQUIRES THE
    OCCURRENCE OF AT LEAST ONE
    AMONG ITS COMPONENT
    FEATURES.
    DISJUNCTIVE CONSTRUAL

    UNDER THE LIBERAL


    INTERPRETATION, ENTITIES
    ARE PERSON IF THEY POSSES
    EITHER SENTIENCE OR
    RATIONALITY, OR BOTH.
    DISJUNCTIVE CONSTRUAL

    CONSEQUENTLY, ENTITIES WHO ARE


    BOTH RATIONAL AND SENTIENT,
    RATIONAL BUT NON-SENTIENT, AND
    SENTIENT BUT NON-RATIONAL, ARE
    PERSONS.
    MULTI CRITERIAL APPROACH IN STRICT
    IMPLEMENTATION LIMITS OR RESTRICTS
    THE ENTITIES IN MORAL COMMUNITY.
    THUS, IF THE POINT OF TAKING THE MULTI-
    CRITERIAL APPROACH IS TO BE ABLE TO
    PREVENT THE EXCLUSIVITY OF THE UNI-
    CRITERIAL APPRAOCH, THE MULTI-
    CRITERIAL APPRAOCH SHOULD BE
    LIBERALLY UNDERSTOOD.
    In sum, the most acceptable multi-
    criterial approach, for our purpose,
    is the one that is liberally
    understood and which combines the
    features of sentience, rationality,
    and relationality.
    LEGAL AND
    MORAL SIDE
    OF ABORTION
    THE VIOLINIST
    PROBLEM
    WARREN ABORTION OBVIOUSLY IS NOT
    A MORALLY SERIOUS AND EXTREMELY
    UNFORTUNATE, EVEN THOUGH
    SOMETIMES JUSTIFIED ACT,
    COMPARABLE TO KILLING IN SELF-
    DEFENSE OR TO LETTING THE VIOLINIST
    DIE, BUT RATHER IS CLOSER TO BEING A
    MORALLY NEUTRAL ACT, LIKE CUTTING
    ONES HAIR
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:
    1. Consciousness (especially the
    capacity to feel pain) – it is
    consciousness of events external and
    internal to the being. Awareness of
    what’s going on in your mind and the
    capacity to feel pain.
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:

    2. Reasoning – the capacity to solve new


    and relatively complex problems

    3. Self-motivated activity – independent of


    either genetic or direct external control.
    The Traits most central to the concept
    of personhood are the following:
    4. The capacity to communicate – by
    whatever means, messages of an
    indefinite variety of types, on indefinite
    number of possible contents.
    5. The presence of self-concepts and
    self-awareness.
    Fetus doesn’t have consciousness,
    reasoning, self-motivate capacity to
    communicate or the presence of
    self-concept at any stage of
    development or 9 months of
    pregnancy fetus doesn’t have any of
    it so it can count as a person.
    ALEXANDER
    PRUSS
    ABORTION IS IMPERMISSIBLE,
    WHETHER FETUSES ARE PERSONS
    OR NOT.
    PRUSS (2011) THESIS; ABORTION IS
    WRONG IN EXACTLY THE SAME
    CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH IT IS
    WRONG TO KILL AN ADULT.
    THINK ABOUT EACH CASES WHEN
    WE THINK THAT IT IS WRONG TO
    KILL AN ADULT.
    1. IT IS WRONG TO KILL AN ADULT
    FOR FINANCIAL GAIN
    2. IT IS WRONG TO KILL AN ADULT
    TO FURTHER YOUR CAREER
    WHEN (IF EVER) IS IT MORALLY
    PERMISSIBLE FOR ONE HUMAN
    BEING TO KILL ANOTHER?

    1. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT (DEATH


    PENALTY)
    2. SOLDIER AT WAR
    3. SELF DEFENSE
    3 MAIN ARGUMENT
    START WITH AN ADULT, INNOCENT
    ADULT

    1. NICK (AGE 31 TODAY IN 2023 IS


    IDENTICAL TO A PARTICULAR FETUS
    THAT EXISTED 31 YEARS EARLIER).
    3 MAIN ARGUMENT
    START WITH AN ADULT, INNOCENT
    ADULT

    2. IF IT IS WRONG TO KILL NICK


    NOW (NOW ADULT) IT IS WRONG
    TO KILL HIM 32 YEARS EARLIER.
    3 MAIN ARGUMENT
    START WITH AN ADULT, INNOCENT
    ADULT

    3. NICK IS NOT RELEVANTLY DIFFERENT


    FROM OTHER INDIVIDUALS, SO
    CLAIMS 1 AND 2 APPLY EAQUALLY TO
    OTHERS. (FETUSES)
    PROBLEMS OF
    WARREN
    ARGUMENT
    CONSCIOUSNESS
    REASONING
    SELF-AWARENESS
    3 MAIN ARGUMENT
    START WITH AN ADULT, INNOCENT
    ADULT

    3. NICK IS NOT RELEVANTLY DIFFERENT


    FROM OTHER INDIVIDUALS, SO
    CLAIMS 1 AND 2 APPLY EAQUALLY TO
    OTHERS. (FETUSES)
    ALEXANDER
    PRUSS
    MARY ANNE
    WARREN

    You might also like