TLE-ICT CSS

Terminating and Connecting 7/8

Electrical Wiring and
Electronics Circuit (TCEW)
 Terminating and Connecting Electrical Wiring and
Electronics Circuit (TCEW)

Learning Outcome 1 – Plan and prepare for termination/connection electrical

wiring/electronics circuits (TLE_IACSS912TCEW-IIIef-21)

Learning Outcome 2 – Terminate/connect electrical wiring/ electronic circuits

(TLE_IACSS9- 12TCEW-IIIgi-22)

Learning Outcome 3 – Test termination/connections of electrical wiring/electronics

circuits
(TLE_IACSS912TCEW-IIIi-j23)
 Unlocking of Technical Terms

Wire termination is the point where a line, channel or circuit ends.

Electronic Circuit is a complete course of conductors through which
current can travel. Circuits provide a path for current to flow.
Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated
devices like switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in an
exceedingly structure.
Direct Current (DC) is an electrical charge (current) only flows in one
direction.
Alternating Current (AC) changes direction periodically. The voltage in
AC circuits also periodically reverses because the current changes
direction.
Troubleshooting is a form of problem solving, often applied to repair
failed products or processes on a machine or a system.
 Unlocking of Technical Terms

Soldering is a process in which two or more items are joined

together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint. The
filler metal has a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.
Unlike welding, soldering does not involve melting the work
pieces.
Joint is the connection of two lengths of conductors by a
method which ensures a continuous path for the unimpeded
flow of an electrical current.
Termination is applied to the end of a conductor prepared and
suitable for connection to the terminal to which is to be
connected by mechanical means.
 Unlocking of Technical Terms

Schematic Symbol is a pictogram used to represent

various electrical and electronic devices or functions,
such as wires, batteries, resistors, and transistors, in a
schematic diagram of an electrical or electronic circuit.
Voltage is the measure of the push on each electron
which makes the electron move. The term potential
difference and voltage are often used interchangeably to
mean the “push”, thus, you may see the term
electromotive force (EMF) or just the word potential to
describe the electron push in certain instances.
 Electrical Theory
Direct Current or DC is
the first type of current
because it was easy to
produce. This type of
current always flows in one
direction.
Alternating Current or AC
is the solution to the
problem of DC. AC allows
the flow of current in two
directions.
 Components of a Simple Circuit

AC/DC source
⮚ Equipment that will operate on either an Alternating Current
(AC) or Direct current (DC) power source.
⮚ Battery is a DC voltage source containing two or more cells that
convert chemical energy to electrical energy.
⮚ Cell is a single unit used to convert chemical energy into a DC
electrical voltage.
 Components of a Simple Circuit

Fuse is a safety device used to protect an electrical circuit from the effect of excessive
current.
 Wires are single electrical conductor that is used to bear mechanical loads or electricity
and telecommunication signals.
 Cable is a group of wires wrapped in one jacket.
 Switch is a device used to break an electric current or transfer
it to another conductor.

 Load is the power consumed by a circuit. Whatever component or

piece of equipment is connected to a source and draws current from it is a load.
⮚The following are examples of loads:
Bulb, television, refrigerators, computers, mobile phones, and other appliances or
gadgets.
 Parts of a Simple Circuit
Source refers to devices used to supply AC or DC voltage.
Consuming is any device that consumes voltage, whatever
component or piece of equipment that is connected to a source
and draws current from a source is a load.
Controlling is any device having two states, on (closed) or off
(open).
Protecting is a component used to open the circuit when current
exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
Connecting is a material that conducts electric current very well
and used to connect a complete path for current.
Parts of a Simple Circuit
 Procedures in Circuit Designing

1. Prepare all the tools and materials needed.

2. Make a simple circuit by using schematic symbol:
✓load
✓ consuming device
✓ protecting device
✓ connecting device
3. Make sure that the circuit has the following requirement that a simple circuit
must have:
✓ a source of electrical potential difference or voltage
✓ a conductive path which would allow for the movement of charges
✓ an electrical resistance which is loosely defined as any object that uses
electricity to do work
 Common Electronic Components

1. Classifications of Electronic Component

A. Passive devices is one that contributes no power
gain (amplification) to a circuit or system. It has no
control action and does not require any input other
than a signal to perform its function. In other words,
"A component with no brains!" Examples are
Resistors, Capacitors and Inductors.
Common Electronic Components
 Common Electronic Components

B. Active Devices are components that are

capable of controlling voltages or currents
and can create a switching action in the
circuit. In other words, "Devices with
smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors
and Integrated circuits.
Common Electronic Components
 Electronic Schematic Symbols
Electrical & electronic symbols and images are used
by engineers in circuit diagrams and schematics to show how
a circuits components are connected. The basic electrical and
electronic graphical symbols
Power Supplies/Source
Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor
Output Devices/Loads: Lamps, Heater, Motor
 Use of Tools and Equipment

Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment

A. Common Tools
Long Nose Pliers is used for holding, bending and
stretching the lead of electronics component or connecting
wire.
Side Cutter Pliers is used for cutting or trimming of
connecting wires or terminal leads within the circuit board.
Flat Screw Driver is used to drive or fasten negative
slotted screws.
 Use of Tools and Equipment

Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten positive

slotted screws.
Soldering Pencil is used to join two or more metal
conductors with the support of soldering lead melted
around it.
Desoldering Tool is used to unsoldered unwanted
parts or component in the circuit with the support of
soldering pencil.
 Use of Tools and Equipment

B. Basic Electronic Equipment

Multi-Volts Power Supply is an
device that supplies electric power to
an electrical load.
Multimeter is an electronic tool used
to measure voltage, amps and
resistance across circuits.
 Electrical and Electronic Safety

Electrical and Electronic Safety

Before engaging on any electronics, consider following these basic safety

precautions to help reduce any hazards.
1. Remove any electronic equipment you are testing or working on from the
ability source.
2. Never assume the power circuit is off. Test and test again with a voltmeter
to confirm.
3. Remove fuses and replace them only after the power to the circuit is
disconnected.
4. Don’t connect power to a circuit until you are done performing on it and
rechecked the work.
5. Always make sure that all electronics equipment is properly grounded.
 Electrical and Electronic Safety

6. If it is damaged, replace it. For example, replace cables instead

of repairing with insulating tape.
7. Always use the proper electronics repair and maintenance
tools.
8. Always return covers after removing them to reduce the chance
of electric shock.
9. Make sure your circuit is not overloaded.
10. Always have safety equipment such as fire extinguisher, a
basic aid kit and a mobile phone nearby.
11. It is important to make sure that you are safe when working
on electronic circuits.
 Safety Procedures in Using Hand Tools and Equipment

6. If it is damaged, replace it. For example, replace cables instead

of repairing with insulating tape.
7. Always use the proper electronics repair and maintenance tools.
8. Always return covers after removing them to reduce the chance
of electric shock.
9. Make sure your circuit is not overloaded.
10. Always have safety equipment such as fire extinguisher, a basic
aid kit and a mobile phone nearby.
11. It is important to make sure that you are safe when working on
electronic circuits.
 Use the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect you from
exposure to potential hazards.

∙ Insulated Gloves prevents electricity from traveling into

your hands should there be an exposed wire, short
circuit, or other issue.
∙ Insulated Matting puts a protective layer between the
worker and the floor. It can help prevent electricity from
traveling up from the ground into the person’s body.
∙ Safety Footwear should be routinely worn in all
working areas and also the shoes or boots should
incorporate steel toe-cap and non-slip soles.
 Use the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect you from
exposure to potential hazards.

∙ Insulated Ladders prevents transmission of electricity into the

person who is using it.
∙ Goggles provide protection from impact, dust and chemical
splash and provide a secure shield around the entire eye
and protect against hazards coming from any direction.
∙ Rescue Rods is used to drag someone who is electrocuted
within the area for safety or push away the source of
electricity.
∙ Voltage Detectors shows the level of electricity in a given
system at the current time, so employees will not mistakenly
begin acting on a system until all power has been
eliminated.
 Typical Electrical Cable Jointing Methods

A. Western Union Splice Joint

This is often a straight joint used for small solid cables.
1. Remove the insulation.
2. Bring the 2 conductors to a crossed position and then
make a long bend or twist in each wire.
3. Wrap the end of 1 of the wires around the straight portion
of the other wire, and then do the same for the other wire.
Repeat this for about four or five times.
4. Press ends of the wires down close to the straight portions
of the wire to prevent the ends from piercing through the
insulation tape.
5. Insulate the joint using the electrical tape.
 Typical Electrical Cable Jointing Methods

B. Rattail Joint

The rattail joint is usually used in

the junction boxes to create the
joint.
1. Strip the insulation off the ends
of the cable to be joined at about
50 mm.
2. Twist the wires to create the
rattail effect.
 Typical Electrical Cable Jointing Methods

C. Fixture Joint
This is a type of branch joint connecting a small-
diameter wire to the large diameter conductor such as those
used in lighting fixtures.

1. Remove the insulation.

2. Wrap the fixture wire around the branch wire.
3. Bend the branch wire over the completed turns.
4. Wrap the remaining fixture wire over the bent branch
wire.
5. This can be followed by soldering and taping, or simply
taping of the joint.
 Typical Electrical Cable Jointing Methods

D. Knotted Tap Joint

The knotted tap joint is used to branch joints to
connect a branch wire to a continuous wire.
1. Remove about 1 inch of insulation from the main wire
and about 3 inches from the branch wire.
2. Place the branch wire behind the main wire so that
three-fourths of its bare wire extends above the main
wire.
3. Bring the branch wire over the main wire, around
itself, and finally over the main wire so that it forms a
knot. Wrap the wire around the main conductor in
short, tight turns and trim its end.
 Soldering Process

Items to be soldered should

normally be "tinned" before making a
mechanical connection. Tinning
is the coating of the material
to be soldered with a light
coat of solder.
 Typical Electrical Cable Jointing Methods

Cable Soldering Methods

There are two types of solder used in electrical work
1. Fine Solder (tin man’s solder)
 It has 60% tin and 40% lead
 Has a low melting point due to high amount of tin
 Commonly used in electrical joints
2. Plumbers Metal
 It has 30% tin and 70% lead.
 Is used for plumbing joints in armored cables as it
remains in a plastic shape allowing it to be shaped
longer than fine solder.
 Using Analog Multimeter

A multimeter is an instrument used to

check for AC or DC voltages, resistance
and continuity of electrical components,
and small amounts of current in circuits.
This instrument will let you check to see
if there is voltage present on a circuit. By
doing so, a multimeter can help you
achieve a variety of useful tasks, such as
measuring ohms, volts, and amps.
 Using Analog Multimeter

A. Initial Steps in Using Analog

Multi‐tester
1. Connect the test probe to the
appropriate jack. The red test probe
to the positive (+) jack and the black
to the common (‐) jack.
 Using Analog Multimeter

A. Initial Steps in Using

Analog Multi‐tester
1. Connect the test probe to
the appropriate jack. The red
test probe to the positive (+)
jack and the black to the
common (‐) jack.
 Using Analog Multimeter

3. Check the probes if they

are in condition. (Ohmmeter
calibration)
a. Set the Multi‐tester to
corresponding selector
resistance range.
b. Short the two test probes
lead together.
Using Analog Multimeter
Using Analog Multimeter
 Using Analog Multimeter

B. Resistance Measurements
1. Always do the “Initial Steps in Using Analog Multi‐
tester”.
2. In testing resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. do not
touch both test probe lead, because our body also
has resistance that could affect the reading value of
the electronic components we are testing.
3. If you do not know the value of the resistor to be
measured, find the ohmmeter selector setting until
you have a clear reading in the ohmmeter scale.
 Using Analog Multimeter

B. Resistance Measurements
 Using Analog Multimeter

4. Select the desired resistance range scale with selector

switch.
 Using Analog Multimeter

4. Select the desired resistance range scale with selector

switch.
 Using Analog Multimeter

Proper cable termination practices are vital

for the complete and accurate transfer of
both analog and digital information signals.
A wire termination is the work performed to
the end of a wire that allows it to connect to
a device (connector, switch, terminal, etc.).