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    Chapter 13

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    g-08221486
    The document summarizes the events leading up to the American Civil War from the 1850s. It discusses the tensions caused by the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, as well as Uncle Tom's Cabin increasing anti-slavery sentiment in the North. It also covers the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1860 that led to Southern secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis.

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    Chapter 13

    Uploaded by

    g-08221486
    24 views55 pages
    The document summarizes the events leading up to the American Civil War from the 1850s. It discusses the tensions caused by the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, as well as Uncle Tom's Cabin increasing anti-slavery sentiment in the North. It also covers the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1860 that led to Southern secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis.

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    CHAPTER 13

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    The document summarizes the events leading up to the American Civil War from the 1850s. It discusses the tensions caused by the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, as well as Uncle Tom's Cabin increasing anti-slavery sentiment in the North. It also covers the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1860 that led to Southern secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    24 views55 pages

    Chapter 13

    Uploaded by

    g-08221486
    The document summarizes the events leading up to the American Civil War from the 1850s. It discusses the tensions caused by the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, as well as Uncle Tom's Cabin increasing anti-slavery sentiment in the North. It also covers the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the elections of 1860 that led to Southern secession and the formation of the Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis.

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    You are on page 1of 55

    THE COMING OF THE CIVIL

    WAR

    CHAPTER 13
    Question of Slavery

    The Compromise of 1850 only lasted four


    years
    Its provisions created controversy

    1) Provisions – allowing new territory to


    decide the question of slavery
    Southerners used this to expand slavery in the
    Western new territory
    2) Provisions - Fugitive Slavery Act
    Abolitionists from North evaded the law –
    helping black fugitives
    Abolitionists pushing hard for the law to be
    repealed

    These caused sectional feelings between


    Northerners & Southerners
    Uncle Tom’s Cabin novel
    Written by Harriet Beecher Stove in 1852
    Touched on evils of slavery
    Printed (300,000 copies sold in a year)
    Made into a play
    The high point of the story :-
    The suffering of Uncle Tom in the hands of
    Simon Legree, the slave driver
    Eliza, a Negro mother, & her child crossing
    the frozen Ohio river to freedom, chased by
    bloodhounds
    The death of a white child, Eva

    Touched hearts of millions


    Pondering – “Is slavery just?”
    Increased sectional tensions
    The Presidential Election of 1852

    Franklin Pierce of Democratic defeated


    Winfield Scot of Whigs
    (354 electoral votes to 42)
    The Kansas-Nebraska Act

    The idea popular sovereignty increased


    sectional tensions
    Southerners & Westerners (proslavery
    group) wanted people of all territories to
    decide whether or not to allow slavery
    Abolitionists dislike the idea
    The issue of Kansas – Nebraska appeared
    1854 - Congress passed the Kansas –
    Nebraska Act
    The act allowed the people who settle in
    Kansas & Nebraska to decide by vote
    whether or not to allow slavery
    Northerners (antislavery group) &
    Southerners (proslavery group) rushed to
    Kansas to vote
    1854 elections – held in Kansas to pick
    delegates to Congress
    The two groups clashed – bloodshed &
    violence for five years
    It was known as “bleeding Kansas”
    The Birth of Republican Party

    The Kansas – Nebraska Act & “bleeding


    Kansas” gave birth to the Republican
    Party
    Angry Northerners formed the
    Republican Party in 1854
    Another new party was formed –
    American Party
    The Presidential Election of 1856

    James Buchanan of Democratic defeated


    John C. Fremont of Republican & Millard
    Fillmore of American Party
    (174 electoral votes to 114 & 8)
    The Dred Scott Decision

    The case:-
    In 1834, a slave named Dred Scott was
    taken by his master from Missouri (a
    slave state) to Illinois (a free state). Then,
    in 1838, he was taken to Wisconsin
    territory. Later, he was brought back to
    Missouri
    Scott married Harriet when he was in
    Wisconsin – had children
    DRED SCOTT
    1846 – Scott filed a case in Missouri court
    for their liberty
    Scott received helped from some whites
    Their claims – Northwest Ordinance
    outlawed slavery in Illinois & Missouri
    Compromise outlawed slavery in
    Wisconsin
    Thus Scott & his family are free
    They lost the case in the state courts
    They kept fighting until they reached the
    Supreme Court
    1857 - Supreme Court’s decision was
    against Scott
    Supreme Court’s reason:-
    Dred Scott was a slave & therefore not a
    citizen. He had no right to be heard in court
    Any citizen could take his property (including
    slaves) with him anywhere in the US
    Effects of this decision:-
    Congress could not forbid slavery in
    territories
    Delighted Southerners
    Northerners were mad
    The Emergence of Abraham
    Lincoln
    Read textbook pg. 359-360
    ABRAHAM LINCOLN
    Lincoln-Douglas Debates

    1858 – Illinois Senator election


    Fight between Stephen Douglas &
    Abraham Lincoln
    Douglas :-
    Democratic Party candidate
    Favored popular sovereignty
    Initiated & supported Kansas – Nebraska Act

    Lincoln:-
    Republican Party candidate
    Not an abolitionist
    But wanted to keep slavery out of territories
    Did not support Kansas – Nebraska Act
    STEPHEN DOUGLAS
    The nation watched the contest keenly –
    Why ?
    Douglas wanted to run for the 1860
    Presidential election
    So it did not only involve the senatorship,
    but also the Presidency of US
    Southerners wanted to know Douglas’
    stand on two issues:-
    did he support Dred Scott Supreme Court
    decision
    would he give up his idea on popular
    sovereignty
    Douglas was in a dilema :-
    If he support Dred Scott decision &
    withdraw support for popular sovereignty
    Would win Southerners support but would
    lose Northerners & Westerners votes
    If he support popular sovereignty
    Would lose Southerners support but would
    win Northerners & Westerners votes
    A series of debates took place between
    Douglas & Lincoln
    Debate at Freeport, Illinois:-
    Lincoln asked Douglas the fatal question:
    “Do the people of a territory have the
    right to permit or to forbid any slavery?”
    Douglas replied: “No matter what the
    decision of the Supreme Court may be on
    that abstract question, still the right of the
    people to make a slave territory or a free
    territory is complete. I hope Mr. Lincoln
    deems my answer satisfactory.”

    Lincoln found it quite satisfactory – but


    Southerners did not
    Douglas won the Illinois senatorship
    But Douglas would never be President
    These debates split Northerners &
    Southerners apart
    John Brown’s Raid

    One strong abolitionist was John Brown


    Brown was involved in “bleeding
    Kansas”
    Brown believed that God had chosen him
    to raise an army of slaves & lead them
    against their masters
    Brown planned to establish a black
    republic in Virginia
    1859 - Brown & about 20 white & black
    men attacked & took over government
    arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
    Brown thought slaves would join him –
    but no slaves came forward to join them
    US marines attacked & retook the arsenal
    Brown was wounded & many of his
    followers were killed
    Brown was tried in Virginia for murder &
    treason – found guilty & hanged in 1859
    JOHN BROWN
    THE RAID
    IN COURT
    HANGING
    Effectsof Brown’s raid:-
    Northerners: -
    Brown was a martyr
    Slavery is evil
    Wanted to ban slavery
    Southerners:-
    Brown was a traitor
    Thought Northerners would support slaves to
    attack white people
    Wanted to spread slavery

    increased sectional tensions


    One of his admirers wrote a marching
    song:
    John Brown’s body lies a-moldering in
    the grave, His soul goes marching on
    Northerners sang the song as they
    marched to war
    Mothers & fathers sang it when their sons
    left to fight for the Union
    The Election of 1860

    1860 Presidential election


    Presidential candidates:-
     Lincoln – Republican Party
     Douglas - Democratic Party
     John Bell - Constitutional Union
    Party
     John Breckinridge - a candidate put
    up by Southerners
    Southerners would not support Douglas
    as he betrayed them in his reply to
    Lincoln at Freeport, Illinois
    Lincoln was elected as President (180
    electoral votes)
    Southerners had warned they would leave
    the union if Republican won
    The Secession Crisis

    December 1860 – South Carolina passed


    a resolution
    “ … the union now subsisting between
    South Carolina & other states under the
    name of united States of America is
    hereby dissolved.”
    Six other states followed South Carolina
    out of the Union
    Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
    Mississippi & Texas
    February 1861 – delegates of these seven
    states met at Montgomery, Alabama
    They formed a new nation – the
    Confederate States of America or the
    Confederacy
    Jefferson Davis of Mississippi became
    President of Confederacy
    Jefferson Davis
    April 1861 – four states left the Union
    Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina &
    Virginia
    They left because federal soldiers invaded
    the Confederate States
    They believed that federal government
    had no right to use force against a state

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