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    14.3 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

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    The control of blood glucose concentration is important for homeostasis. The pancreas and liver work together to regulate glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin is released when glucose levels rise, signaling the liver to absorb and store glucose. Glucagon is released when glucose levels fall, signaling the liver to break down stores and release more glucose into the bloodstream. Diabetes occurs when this control system malfunctions, resulting in dangerously high or low blood glucose levels and need for insulin treatment.

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    14.3 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

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    26cundariya.b
    14 views13 pages
    The control of blood glucose concentration is important for homeostasis. The pancreas and liver work together to regulate glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin is released when glucose levels rise, signaling the liver to absorb and store glucose. Glucagon is released when glucose levels fall, signaling the liver to break down stores and release more glucose into the bloodstream. Diabetes occurs when this control system malfunctions, resulting in dangerously high or low blood glucose levels and need for insulin treatment.

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    14.3 Control of blood glucose concentration

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    The control of blood glucose concentration is important for homeostasis. The pancreas and liver work together to regulate glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin is released when glucose levels rise, signaling the liver to absorb and store glucose. Glucagon is released when glucose levels fall, signaling the liver to break down stores and release more glucose into the bloodstream. Diabetes occurs when this control system malfunctions, resulting in dangerously high or low blood glucose levels and need for insulin treatment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views13 pages

    14.3 Control of Blood Glucose Concentration

    Uploaded by

    26cundariya.b
    The control of blood glucose concentration is important for homeostasis. The pancreas and liver work together to regulate glucose levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin is released when glucose levels rise, signaling the liver to absorb and store glucose. Glucagon is released when glucose levels fall, signaling the liver to break down stores and release more glucose into the bloodstream. Diabetes occurs when this control system malfunctions, resulting in dangerously high or low blood glucose levels and need for insulin treatment.

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    You are on page 1of 13

    14.

    3 Control of blood glucose concentration

    The control of the concentration of glucose in the blood is a


    very important part of homeostasis
    • Cells need a steady supply of glucose for cell respiration
    to release energy the needed
    • Brain cells are especially dependent on glucose for
    respiration and die quiet quickly if they are deprived
    (алдагдах) of it
    On the other hand
    • Too much glucose in the blood is not good either
    • It can cause water to move out of cells and into the blood by
    osmosis
    • This leaves the cells with too little water for them to carry out
    their normal metabolic process
    • The control of blood glucose concentration is carried out by
    the pancreas and the liver
    The pancreas is two glands in one

    • Most of it is an ordinary gland with duct (суваг)


    • It makes pancreatic juice, which flows along the pancreatic
    duct into the duodenum (12 хуруу гэдэс)
    • Scattered through the pancreas, however, are groups of cells
    called islets of Langerhans
    • These cells do not make pancreatic juices
    • They make two kinds of hormones called insulin and
    glucagon
    • These hormones help the liver to control the amount of
    glucose in the blood
    • Insulin has effect of lowering blood glucose concentration
    • Glucagon does the opposite
    Insulin (hormone)

    1. If you eat a meal which provides a lot of glucose, the


    concentration of glucose in the blood goes up
    2. islets of Langerhans detect this, and secrete insulin into the
    blood
    3. When insulin reaches the liver, it causes the liver to absorb
    glucose from the blood
    4. Some of glucose used for respiration, but some converted
    into the insoluble polysaccharide, glycogen
    5. This is stored in the liver
    Glucagon (hormone)

    1. If the blood glucose concentration falls too low, the


    pancreas secretes glucagon
    2. This causes liver cells to break down glycogen to glucose,
    and release into the blood
    3. The blood glucose concentration rises, reach to the normal
    level
    Diabetes (чихрийн шижин)

    • When the control of blood glucose concentration does not


    work, a person is said to have diabetes
    • Type I – it is caused by the death of the cells that secrete
    insulin
    • It is thought to result from the body’s own immune system
    attacking and destroying the cells in the pancreas that secrete
    insulin
    • Type I usually develops when a person is a young child
    1. Eat meal contain a lot of carbohydrate
    2. Concentration of glucose in the blood increases
    3. Normally, this would trigger the secretion of insulin from
    the pancreas
    4. But person with Type I diabetes this does not happen
    (glucose concentration goes up and stays up -
    hyperglycaemia)
    Symptoms (Type I)

    • Dry mouth
    • Blurred vision
    • Feel very thirsty
    • Heart rate increase
    • Breathing rate increase
    Need to inject themselves with insulin to reduce blood
    glucose concentration
    Type II - hypoglycemia
    On the other hand
    1. Not eating carbohydrate for a long time will cause the blood glucose
    concentration to drop very low
    2. No insulin has been secreted
    3. Liver has not built-up stores of glycogen (be broken down to
    produce glucose)
    4. Cells do not have a supply of glucose to release energy by
    respiration
    5. The person feels very tired and may show confusion and irrational
    behavior
    6. Eventually, they can become unconscious
    1. Having blood glucose concentration that swing (савлах)
    very high and very low, over long periods of time, do
    damage to numerous body organs
    2. It is important that a person with type 1 diabetes tries to
    keep their blood glucose concentration normal limits
    3. People with diabetes get into the habit of checking their
    blood glucose concentration regularly
    4. They can also test their urine for glucose, using a simple
    dipstick (dip - дүрэх)

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