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    Practical Applications of Odes

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    Marvin kakinda
    The document describes 10 practical applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in real-life situations: 1) Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics 2) Predator-prey population models 3) Modeling sound waves in music 4) Modeling drug distribution in the human body 5) Modeling heat transfer using Fourier's law of heat conduction 6) Modeling Newton's law of cooling 7) Modeling inflow and outflow rates of liquids 8) Modeling exponential population growth 9) Modeling radiocarbon dating 10) Modeling falling objects using kinematic equations

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    Practical Applications of Odes

    Uploaded by

    Marvin kakinda
    11 views14 pages
    The document describes 10 practical applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in real-life situations: 1) Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics 2) Predator-prey population models 3) Modeling sound waves in music 4) Modeling drug distribution in the human body 5) Modeling heat transfer using Fourier's law of heat conduction 6) Modeling Newton's law of cooling 7) Modeling inflow and outflow rates of liquids 8) Modeling exponential population growth 9) Modeling radiocarbon dating 10) Modeling falling objects using kinematic equations

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    The document describes 10 practical applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in real-life situations: 1) Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics 2) Predator-prey population models 3) Modeling sound waves in music 4) Modeling drug distribution in the human body 5) Modeling heat transfer using Fourier's law of heat conduction 6) Modeling Newton's law of cooling 7) Modeling inflow and outflow rates of liquids 8) Modeling exponential population growth 9) Modeling radiocarbon dating 10) Modeling falling objects using kinematic equations

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    11 views14 pages

    Practical Applications of Odes

    Uploaded by

    Marvin kakinda
    The document describes 10 practical applications of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in real-life situations: 1) Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics 2) Predator-prey population models 3) Modeling sound waves in music 4) Modeling drug distribution in the human body 5) Modeling heat transfer using Fourier's law of heat conduction 6) Modeling Newton's law of cooling 7) Modeling inflow and outflow rates of liquids 8) Modeling exponential population growth 9) Modeling radiocarbon dating 10) Modeling falling objects using kinematic equations

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    PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ODEs

    IN REAL LIFE SITUATIONS.


    BY GROUP 3
    GROUP 3 NAMES.
     ASHABA AHEBWA FIONOLLA 2000700493 20/U/0493
     APIO BERNA 2000703240 20/U/3240/PSA
     ATIM SHIELLA OLING 2000706961 20/U/6961/PS
     MULUDIANG EMMANUEL 2000723573 20/U/23573/PS
     EDENI FAITH BABRA PARIO 2000700787 20/U/0787
     NUWAHEREZA DAVIS 20007006967 20/U/6967
     AMULEN BLESSED BARBRA 2000700137 20/U/0137
     TWONGIRWE COLLINS 2000700781 20/U/0781
     KAMYA GODFREY 2000716039 20/U/16039
     ASIIMIRE SHELYNE 2000703205 20/U/3205/PS
     EMOJONG PAULMARK 20007006960 20/U/6960
     AYESIGYE BRUCE 2000700141 20/U/0141
     NUWATAHO JOHN 2000716403 20/U/16403

    APPLICATION 1: ELECTRODYNAMICS
     Maxwell’s equations are set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, from the foundation of classical electrodynamics, classical
    optics, and electric circuits. These fields in turn underlie modern electrical and communication technologies . Maxwell’s equations describe how electric and

    magnetic fields are generated and altered by each other and by charges and currents .
    ELECTRODYNAMICS
    APPLICATION 2: PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS

     In this section we take into account the interaction of two


    species in the same habitat. These models take the form of
    linked differential equations.
     We have the prey that has ample food supply and the
    predator that feeds on the prey.
     The example of prey and predator that we shall consider is
    rabbits and foxes in an isolated forest.
    MODELING EQUATION AND GRAPH
    APPLICATION 3: WORLD OF MUSIC.

     Music produced from a piano and that from a synthesizer playing the flute sound different although they are playing the same
    notes.
     Using partial differentiation in all musical acoustics,

     Where t-time, x-special variable, c- wave speed, v-dependent variable


     This is a second order partial differential equation. The reason why odes are used is because we are dealing with sound waves
    whose shapes are constantly changing and hence we use odes to model the behavior.
    APPLICATION 4: DRUG DISTRIBUTION IN THE HUMAN
    BODY.
     A two compartment model for drug absorption and circulation through gastrointestinal tract and blood has been formulated in the beginning. The first
    compartment corresponds to the GI tract and from there the drug diffuses into the second compartment namely blood as shown in Fig. 1. Let denote the
    concentration of drug in stomach or GI tract and blood stream compartments respectively. Let be the initial concentration of drug dosage. The general form of the
    two compartment model describing the rate of change in oral drug administration is given as
    APPLICATION 5: FOURIER LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION

    The Fourier law of heat conduction states that the heat flux vector is proportional to the negative vector gradient of temperature. It
    follows that for isotropic materials:
    qi=−k∂T/∂xi
    Applying Fourier's law of heat conduction permits determining temperature distributions within the nuclear fuel rods. In contrast,
    convective cooling occurs on the rod surface. The coolant, cladding, and fuel temperature distributions through a reactor are determined.
    Besides heat transfer in the reactor core, some power plants employ heat exchangers to generate steam that is fed to a turbine-generator
    to produce electricity. As a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics, thermal power plants reject condenser heat to the
    environment through mechanisms such as cooling towers.
    APPLICATION 6: NEWTONS LAW OF COOLING.

     This states that the rate at which an object cools is proportional to the difference in temperature between the object and its
    surroundings.
     Mathematically the rate of cooling is directly proportional to the change in temperature. This can also be expressed as an equation :

    dT/dt = -k(T – Ta) where T is the temperature of the object and Ta is the temperature of the surroundings. Where if T>Ta, then
    dT/dt <0
    So the temperature is a decreasing function of t and the body is cooling. But if T<Ta, then dT/dt<0 so that T is increasing.
    APPLICATION 7: INFLOW AND OUTFLOW RATE OF A
    LIQUID.
     Consider a liquid entering and leaving a tank. A substance is then dissolved in the liquid.
     If Q(t) gives the amount of substance dissolved in the liquid in the tank at any time, t. A differential equation is then developed
    which when solved gives a Q(t).
     The equation is given by ;
    rate of change of Q(t) = rate of which Q(t) enter the tank – Rate at which Q(t)
    exists the tank
     Where; Rate of change Q(t)= dQ/dt
     Rate at which Q(t) enters the tank= (flow rate of liquid entering) x (concentration of substance liquid entering)
     Rate at which Q(t) exists the tank= (flow rate of liquid exiting) x (concentration of substance in liquid entering)
    APPLICATION 8: EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF POPULATION.

     Many quantities grow or decay at a rate proportional to their size.


     For a example colony of bacteria may double every hour.
     If the size of a colony after t hours is given by y(t), then we can express this information in mathematical language in the form of
    an equation dy/dt = 2y
     A quantity y that grows or decays at rate proportional to its size fits in equation of the form dy/dt =ky
     This is a special example of a differential equation coz it gives a relationship between a function an a one or more of its derivatives.
     If k<0, the equation is called the law of natural decay and if k>0, the equation is called the law of natural growth.
    APPLICATION 9: RADIOCARBON DATING
     In the atmosphere and in living organisms, the ratio of radioactive carbon from cosmic rays to ordinary carbon is constant. When an organism dies, its absorption
    of carbon 14 by breathing and eating terminates.
     Hence one can estimate the age of a fossil by comparing the radioactive carbon ratio in the fossil with that in the atmosphere. To do this, one needs to know the
    half-life .
     Solution. Modeling. Radioactive decay is governed by the ODE by separation and integration where t is time and y is the initial ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12.

    dY∕dt=ky , In│y│=kt+c
    Y=y℮ⁿ, where n=kt, y is the isotope present at t=0
    APPLICATION 10 : FALLING OBJECTS
     An object is dropped from a height at time t = 0. If h(t) is the height of the object at time t, a(t) the acceleration and v(t) the
    velocity. The relationships between a, v and h are as follows:
     a(t) = , v(t) =
     For a falling object, a(t) is constant and is equal to g = -9.8 m/s.
     Combining the above differential equations, we can easily deduce the following equation
    =g
     Integrate both sides of the above equation to obtain
    = g t + v0
     Integrate one more time to obtain
    h(t) = (1/2) g

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