Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture

Hofstede's Dimensions of
National Culture
Members Of Team :
Mostafa Kamal Abdel Azim .
Rawda Reda Ahmed.
Noran Emad .
Definition of National Culture:
National culture represents a set of values, customs, traditions, perceptions, and behaviors
that distinguish a national community from others. It is a comprehensive concept that
includes aspects related to language, arts, religion, history, social relationships, heritage,
education, and many other factors that constitute the essence of a community's identity.
National culture forms over time as a result of social, historical, and economic interactions in
the geographical region of the national community. Understanding national culture helps to
interact effectively with individuals within the community and promotes communication
among community members while respecting cultural diversity.
The components of national culture include:
Language
Traditions and Customs
Arts and Literature
Religion
Family and Social Relationships

Education
what is Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture?
Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture is a framework developed by

Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede.
It's a model used to understand cultural differences across different nations and
regions.
The model was initially based on a study of IBM employees in various
countries, and it identifies six cultural dimensions.
Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture :
- Power Distance Index (PDI).
- Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV).
- Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS).
- Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI).
- Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Normative Orientation (LTO).
- Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND).

Power Distance Index (PDI)
This dimension measures the extent to

which less powerful members of
institutions and organizations accept
and expect that power is distributed
unequally.
Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV)
This dimension reflects the degree to which

individuals in a society are integrated into
groups.
Individualistic cultures emphasize individual goals and personal

achievement, while collectivist cultures prioritize group cohesion and
harmony.
Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV)
Individualistic cultures: Collectivistic cultures :

•prioritize personal goals and prioritize group goals and harmony
achievements over group goals. over individual goals and
•value independence and self- achievements.
expression. •value interdependence and social
harmony.
Masculinity vs. Femininity
ٍSome masculine properties:
● Dominant
● Strong
● Independent
● Assertive
● Brave
● Innovative
● Masculine cultures prioritize assertiveness, competition, and material success.

• also, gender roles are more clearly defined and men are expected to be the
breadwinners.
ٍSome feminine properties:
● Emotional
● Collaborative
● Nurturing
● Caring
● Humble
● Feminine cultures prioritize cooperation, modesty, and quality of life.

● also, gender roles are more fluid and both men and women are encouraged to pursue
a work-life balance.
Uncertainty Avoidance
• Refers to the extent to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.

• High uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to have strict rules, laws, and regulations to
reduce ambiguity.
Examples of high uncertainty avoidance cultures include Japan, Greece, and Portugal.
Uncertainty Avoidance
• Low uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to be more relaxed and open to change and
innovation.
• Examples of low uncertainty avoidance cultures include Denmark, Sweden, and Singapore
Challenge: Coping with different levels of

uncertainty in different societies.
‫حاجة ايزى كدة‬

Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation
• Long-term orientation emphasizes persistence, perseverance, and thriftiness.
• Short-term orientation emphasizes quick results, respect for tradition, and fulfilling social
obligations.
Long-term oriented cultures value education, while short-term oriented cultures value
practical skills.
Long-term vs. Short-term Orientation
• Long-term oriented cultures place a greater emphasis on saving for the future, while short-
term oriented cultures are more focused on immediate consumption
Challenge: Finding a balance between

preserving tradition and adapting to change.
Indulgence vs. Restraint
Added later, this dimension assesses the extent to which a society allows for the
gratification of basic human desires related to enjoying life and having fun
(indulgence) versus controlling those desires through strict social norms (restraint).
‫هو يكدة او كدة‬

Indulgence vs. Restraint
• Indulgent cultures allow for gratification of desires and enjoyment of life, while restrained
cultures emphasize self-control and suppression of impulses.
• Indulgent cultures tend to place a higher value on leisure time and personal freedom, while
restrained cultures prioritize discipline and hard work.
• Indulgent cultures may have higher rates of obesity and substance abuse, while restrained
cultures may have lower rates of these issues but may also experience higher levels of
stress and anxiety.
Challenge: Balancing between allowing life to be enjoyed and maintaining social

controls.
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Hofstede's Dimensions of

Mostafa Kamal Abdel Azim .

Rawda Reda Ahmed.

Traditions and Customs

Arts and Literature

Family and Social Relationships

Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture is a framework developed by

- Power Distance Index (PDI).

- Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV).

- Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS).

- Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI).

- Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Normative Orientation (LTO).

- Indulgence vs. Restraint (IND).

This dimension measures the extent to

This dimension reflects the degree to which

Individualistic cultures emphasize individual goals and personal

Individualistic cultures: Collectivistic cultures :

ٍSome masculine properties:

● Masculine cultures prioritize assertiveness, competition, and material success.

ٍSome feminine properties:

● Feminine cultures prioritize cooperation, modesty, and quality of life.

• Refers to the extent to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.

Challenge: Coping with different levels of

‫حاجة ايزى كدة‬

• Long-term orientation emphasizes persistence, perseverance, and thriftiness.

Challenge: Finding a balance between

‫هو يكدة او كدة‬

Challenge: Balancing between allowing life to be enjoyed and maintaining social

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