Asia PPT

DEVELOPMENT
OF SCIENCE IN
ASIA
Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the
home of many ancient civilization.
It is host to many cultural, economic, scientific,
and political activities of all ages.
In the field of science, technology, and
mathematics, great civilization have stood out;
India, China, and the Middle East civilizations.
These civilizations were incomporable in terms of
their contributions to the development of
knowledge during their time.
INDI
A
India is a large peninsula encircled by enormous
bodies of water with massive mountains
defending its northern borders. The Indians were
inventive in the development of many concepts
and practical technology. They are well-known
for producing iron and working in metallurgy.
The Roman Empire as a whole regards their iron
steel as the best and most valuable.
Indian medicine is renowned as well. One
type of alternative medicine that is still in use
is Ayurveda, a historic medical system that
dates back to before 2500 BC in ancient
India. They created medications to treat a
variety of ailments after learning that certain
plants had therapeutic qualities. Certain old
books, such as the Susruta Samhita, describe
certain surgical and other medical techniques
that were well-known in ancient India.
Ancient India is also notable in the field of astronomy. They
developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the
spherical self-supporting Earth, and the year of 360 days with
12 equal parts of 30 days each. Sama (2008) noted that their
interest in astronomy was also evident in the first 12 chapters
of the Siddhanta Shiromani, written in the 12th century.
According to Sama (2008), this ancient text covered topics
such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the
planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies;
lunar eclipses; solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; risings
and settings; the moon's crescent; conjunctions of the planets
with each other; conjunctions of the planets with the fixed
stars; and the paths of the Sun and Moon.
Ancient India is also known for their
mathematics. Bisht (1982) noted that the
earliest traces of mathematical knowledge in
the Indian subcontinent appeared in the Indus
Valley Civilization. The people of this
civilization, according to Bisht (1982), tried
to standardize measurement of length to a
high degree of accuracy and designed a ruler,
the Mohenjo- daro ruler.
Clifford (2008) and Bose (1998) pointed out that Indian
astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his
Aryabhatiya, introduced a number of trigonometric
functions, tables, and techniques, as well as algorithms of
algebra. In 628 AD, another Indian, Brahmagupta, also
suggested that gravity was a force of attraction, and lucidly
explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal
digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used
universally throughout the world (Clifford, 2008; Bose,
1998). Another Indian named Madhava of Sangamagrama is
also considered as the founder of mathematical analysis
(Joseph, 1991).
CHINA
China is one of the ancient civilization with
substantial contributions in many areas of like
medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music, among others. Chinese
civilization have greatly influenced many of its
neighbor countries like Korea, Japan,
Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia,
Myanmar, and other countries that belong to the
old Silk Road.
The Chinese are known for traditional
medicines, a product of centuries of
experiences and discovery of the
Chinese people. They discovered
various medical properties and uses of
different plants and animals to cure
human illness. An example is the
practice of acupuncture
In terms of technology, the Chinese are known to
develop many tools. Among the famous discoveries
and inventions of the Chinese civilizations were
compass, papermaking, gunpowder, and printing
tools that became known in the West only by the end
of the Middle Ages (Davies, 1995). They also
invented other tools like iron plough, wheelbarrow,
and propeller, among others. They developed a
design of different models of bridges (Zhongguo ke
xue yuan, 1983), invented the first seismological
detector, and developed a dry dock facility
(Needham et al., 1971).
In the field of astronomy, the Chinese also made
significant records on supernovas, lunar and solar
eclipses, and comets, which were carefully
recorded and preserved to understand better the
heavenly bodies and their effects to our world
(Mayall, 1939). They observed the heavenly bodies
to understand weather changes and seasons that
may affect their daily activities. They used lunar
calendars, too. The Chinese are also known in
seismology. This made them more prepared in
times of natural calamities.
China made substantial contributions in various
fields. The list of their discoveries and inventions
is overwhelming. These contributions were made
along with mathematics, logic, philosophy, and
medicine. However, cultural factors prevented
these Chinese achievements from developing into
modern science. According to Needham (1986), it
may have been the religious and philosophical
framework of Chinese intellectuals that made
them unable to accept the ideas of laws of nature.
QU
IZ
1-4. Give four famous discoveries and inventions of the Chinese
civilizations.
5. It is a large peninsula encircled by enormous bodies of water
with massive mountains defending its northern borders.
6. What are the one type of alternative medicine that still in use?
7. It is the biggest continent in the world and the home many
ancient civilizations.
8-12. Give at least 5 areas of substanial contributions in ancient
civilizations.
13-15. What is the title of our report?
ANSWER:
1-4. COMPASS, PAPERMAKING, GUNPOWDER,
PRINTING TOOLS.
5. INDIA
6. AYURVEDA
7. ASIA
8-12. MEDICINE, ASTRONOMY, SCIENCE,
MATHEMATICS, ARTS, PHILOSOPHY, MUSIC.
13-15. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA.
pass-paper making
 -gun powder
 -printing tools
 5. India
 6. Ayurveda
 7. Asia
 8-12.
 Medicine
 Astronomy
 Science
 Mathematics
 Arts
 Philosophy
 Music
c

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