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    Introduction To Anatomy

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    jannatnaeem7890
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy. It defines anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and explains how they are related. It describes the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex. It defines gross anatomy, histology and embryology. It outlines the anatomical cavities and membranes in the body. It also describes different types of sections that can be taken through the body or organs, including frontal, sagittal, transverse and cross-sections. The document aims to define important anatomical terms and concepts.

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    Introduction To Anatomy

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    jannatnaeem7890
    12 views26 pages
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy. It defines anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and explains how they are related. It describes the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex. It defines gross anatomy, histology and embryology. It outlines the anatomical cavities and membranes in the body. It also describes different types of sections that can be taken through the body or organs, including frontal, sagittal, transverse and cross-sections. The document aims to define important anatomical terms and concepts.

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    Introduction to Anatomy

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    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy. It defines anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and explains how they are related. It describes the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex. It defines gross anatomy, histology and embryology. It outlines the anatomical cavities and membranes in the body. It also describes different types of sections that can be taken through the body or organs, including frontal, sagittal, transverse and cross-sections. The document aims to define important anatomical terms and concepts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views26 pages

    Introduction To Anatomy

    Uploaded by

    jannatnaeem7890
    This document provides an introduction to human anatomy. It defines anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology and explains how they are related. It describes the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex. It defines gross anatomy, histology and embryology. It outlines the anatomical cavities and membranes in the body. It also describes different types of sections that can be taken through the body or organs, including frontal, sagittal, transverse and cross-sections. The document aims to define important anatomical terms and concepts.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Introduction to Anatomy

    Dr. Humna Jahangir


    M.B.B.S (Punjab)
    F.C.P.S (Psychiatry)
    Objectives
     Define the terms anatomy, physiology, and patho- physiology. Use an example to explain how
    they are related.
     Name the levels of organization of the body from simplest to most complex, and explain each.
     State the anatomic terms for the parts of the body.
     Describe the anatomic position
     Use proper terminology to describe the location of body parts with respect to one another.
     Name the body cavities, their membranes, and some organs within each cavity.
     Describe the possible sections through the body or an organ.
    Basic Definitions
     Anatomy is the study of body structure, which includes size, shape, composition, and perhaps
    even coloration.
     Physiology is the study of how the body functions
     Pathophysiology is the study of disorders of functioning, and a knowledge of normal
    physiology makes such disorders easier to understand
     Subdivisions of Anatomy:
    1. Gross anatomy: The study of the large parts of a body
    2. Histology: The study of different tissue types and the cells that comprise them.
    3. Embryology: The study of the life cycle of the individual, from fertilized egg till birth
    Gross Anatomy
    Histology
    Embryology
    Levels of Organization
    1. Chemicals: The chemicals that make up the body may be divided into two major categories:
    inorganic and organic.
    2. Cells: Smallest unit of living organisms
    3. Tissues: A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function. There are four groups
    of tissues:
     Epithelial tissues—cover or line body surfaces; some are capable of producing secretions with
    specific functions.
     Connective tissues—connect and support parts of the body; some transport or store materials.
    Blood, bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue are examples of this group.
     Muscle tissues—specialized for contraction, which brings about movement. Our skeletal
    muscles and the heart are examples of muscle tissue. Smooth muscle tissue, which is found in
    organs such as the urinary bladder and stomach.
     Nerve tissue—specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body
    functions. The brain and optic nerves are examples of nerve tissue.

    4. Organs:
    An organ is a group of tissues precisely arranged so as to accomplish specific functions. Examples
    of organs are the kidneys, individual bones, the liver, lungs etc

    5. Organ Systems:
    An organ system is a group of organs that all con- tribute to a particular function. Examples are the
    urinary system, digestive system, and respiratory system etc
    A little task
    The codebook of Anatomy
    Let’s reveal its secrets…
    Renaming your knowledge
    Anatomical Planes
     Frontal (coronal) section—a plane from side to side which separates the body into front and
    back portions.

     Sagittal section—a plane from front to back separates the body into right and left portions. A
    midsagittal section creates equal right and left halves.

     Transverse section—a horizontal plane separates the body into upper and lower portions.

     Cross-section—a plane perpendicular to the long axis of an organ. A cross-section of the small
    intestine (which is a tube) would look like a circle with the cavity of the intestine in the center.

     Longitudinal section—a plane along the long axis of an organ.


    Anatomical cavities
    Don’t Worry, You can do this!
    Everything will turn out okay  Insha-aa-Allah

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