Human Values and Professional Ethics

(KVE-401)
Course Deatils
 LTP – 3 1[ Three Lectures , One Tutorial]
Text Books:
 Human Values and Professional Ethics by
RR GAUR ,GP BAGARIA.
Reference Books:
 Energy & Equity by Ivan Illich.
 Jeevanvidya ek Parichay by A Nagraj
The Course Contents
 Unit 1: Introduction to Human education
 Unit 2: Harmony in the Human Being
 Unit 3: Harmony in Family and society
 Unit 4: Harmony in Nature

 Unit 5 : Implication of the holistic

understanding.
Historical Background
Historical Background
 Moral Science - Proposals, What to do and What
Not to do ( Order).
 Human Values – Check the proposals on the basis
of natural acceptance and then apply.
 Research – A Nagraj, IITians
 Workshop - GP BAGARIA, (Retired Head EC
Dept. HBTI KANPUR).
IMPORTANCE and NEED
 Human = Self (I) + Body

 Clarityof Self increases efficiency while

confusion decreases. (study hours will be reduced)
.

 Is efficiency needed for success?

IMPORTANCE and NEED
 Universe -------> Earth -------> Human

 Human activity in confusion  distortion

 Global warming, Pollution, unstability due to mining,

chemical nuclear weapons.

 Low efficiency, tension, frustration, depression

 Human activity in Clarity  Construction

IMPORTANCE and NEED
 Physical facilities increasing ----> Fear factor

 Education increasing ------> Pressure, Mental peace

 lack of right understanding

IIT students\ IAS officer commuting suicide.
Unit 1: Introduction to Human education

 Valueeducation deals with what is

universally valuable to all of us, what is
conducive to our individual and collective
happiness and prosperity in a sustainable
way. It enables us to be in harmony
within ourselves, with other human
beings and with rest of nature at large.
Unit 2: Harmony in the Human Being

 Self Exploration
Check all proposals on the basis of natural acceptance
if true than accept
 Happiness

 Unhappiness

 Prosperity
Unit 3: Harmony in Family and society

 Justice (Nyaya) : Justice is the recognition of

values in relationship, their fulfillment, the right
evaluation of values resulting in mutual happiness.
 Nine Feelings

1. Trust (Vishwas) 2. Respect (sammaan) 3.

Affection (Sneha)
4. Care (Mamta) 5. Guidance (Vatsalya)
6.Reverence(Shraddha) 7. Glory (Gaurav) 8.
Gratitude (Kratagyata) 9. Love (Prem)
Unit 4: Harmony in Nature
 Four orders in Nature:

 1. Material Order (Padartha Avastha)

– Soil, water, air, etc.

 2. Pranic Order (Prana Avastha)

– plants, trees, grass, etc.

 3.Animal Order (Jeev Avastha)

- Animal & Birds

 4. Human Order (Gyana Avasta )

– Human Beings.(Knowledge)
Unit 5 : Implication of the holistic
understanding.
 Catering to appropriate lifestyles and need.

 People-friendly environment

 Eco-friendly environment
1. What to produce
2. How to produce
3. For whom to produce
4. And how much to produce
Unit 1: Introduction to Human education
Value Education Value education deals with what is universally
valuable to all of us, what is conducive to our individual and
collective happiness and prosperity in a sustainable way. It
enables us to be in harmony within ourselves, with other
human beings and with rest of nature at large.
Need for value education
• Everyone is continuously aspire for a happy life and it is
only possible to know what is really VALUABLE for
human being
 Scope of study of Value Education
 All dimension of our living - thought, behaviour, work & realization and
 All levels of our living - Individual, Family, Society and Nature/Existence

 Process of Value Education

 Presentation of proposal

 Verify proposal through self-exploration

 Verifying proposal through experiential validation i.e. by living according

to them.

 The process of self-exploration in the form of dialogue. A dialogue

between presenter and receiver. Later it translate in to a dialogue within
the receiver.

 Leading to initiate a transformation in our understanding in our conscious

and our living.
Natural Acceptance

 Natural Acceptance is innate, invariant and

universal.
 It does not Change with time
 It does not Vary from person/indivudaul to
person/indivdual
 It does not Depend on the place
 It does not Depend on our beliefs or past
conditioning
 Natural Acceptance is same for all of us. It is part
and package of every human being on this earth.
Q: What is difference between acceptance and natural Acceptance
Acceptance
 Conditioning
 Religion
 Area
 Pressure
 Fear, Compulsion

( Change with time, place, person to person)

Natural Acceptance
 Self checking

(Does not Change with time, place, person to person)

 Self-exploration
 Q:what is Self-exploration\What is its process

1 It is to explore our self to know our natural acceptance.

2 It is the process to discover something universal in all
human being.
3. Dialogue between “what I am” and “what I really want
to be”
4. Self-evolution through self-investigation
5. Knowing oneself and through that knowing the entire
existence.
6. Recognizing one’s relationship with every unit in
existence and fulfilling it.

7. Knowing human conduct, human character and

living accordingly.

8. Being in harmony in oneself and in harmony with

entire existence.

9. Identifying our innateness (Svatva) and moving

towards Self-organization
 Process of self-exploration

It is a process of Swatantrata and Swarajya starting from

exploration of swatva

Swatva: Innateness (sahjata) of self-the natural acceptance

of harmony.
Swatantrata : Being self organized-being in harmony with
oneself.
Swarajya : Self-expression, self-extension- living in
harmony with other.
Swatva ------> Swatantrata ------> Swarajya

 Ifthere is proposal don’t assume it to be true

immediately, not reject it without proper exploration.

 Verify the proposal on your natural acceptance.

 Iffind reliable then live according to it in your

behavior and work.
 Proposal

Verify on the basis of NA

If right live according If not then discard

to it
in behavior in work
( with human) ( with rest of nature)

mutual fulfillment mutual prosperity

 Content of self-exploration
Desire-Aim, Objective ---->What to do in life
Desire

What to become What to do or earn Ultimate goal

----------- ---------- ----------
----------- ---------- ----------
----------- ---------- ----------

Ways to achieve goal

Proposal given-- way is your goal(like MBBS, DM)
If not achieve -- Unhappy – frustration -- depression

Proposal– We can change our way to achieve goal

Example
(i)MCA Student with Bhanu ji
(ii) Student with G P Bagaria ji (superseed mama)

one incident can influence our and our family life

So we have to check--- self explore
 THE BASIC HUMAN ASPIRATIONS –
CONTINUOUS HAPPINESS AND PROSPERITY

 Happiness: “The state/situation in which I live, it there

is harmony/synergy in it, then I like to be in that state or
situation. To be in a state of liking is happiness”. “To be
in a state of harmony is happiness”.

 Unhappiness: “The state/situation in which I live, it

there is conflict/contradiction in it, then I do not like to
be in that state or situation. To be in a state of disliking
is unhappiness”. “To be in a state of disharmony or
contradiction is unhappiness
What I AM -----------> What I REALY WANT TO BE

----> IF HARMONY---->happiness

---->IF CONTRADICTION--->Unhappiness
 What I AM What I REALY WANT TO BE

Respect Disrespect Respect

Support
\ Oppose Support
Trust Mistrust Trust
Fearlessness Fear Fearlessness

HARMONY CONTRADICTION

HAPPINESS Unhappiness
 Excitement and happiness have some difference

 Thereis a limit of body to bear excitement

(EX lottery) (Sweet 1,2,3-----)

 If we have idea of opposing we can never be happy

 Right understanding is needed to remain happy

continuously
 Lack of right understanding supports
excitement

 To become happy– comment, criticize among

friends.

I need to be unhappy to recognize that I am

happy (T\F)

 really happiness depends on other

completely(T\F)
 Activity
(i) check the percentage of harmony and
contradiction in our self

(ii) If somebody is not behaving right, so he is

having harmony or contradiction in his self.

(iii)If some one is not presenting good but if I am

presenting right so I will remain happy or not
Prosperity:
Prosperity is the feeling of having or
producing more than the required physical
facilities.

two things are essential:

(1)Correct assessment of need for physical
facilities
(2) The competence of making available more
than required physical facilities
 Proposals
 What you feel for you self
 Compare with Bill Gates
 Compare with Rickshaw driver

So we can not decide our prosperity by comparing with

other.

 The need of physical facilities are infinite.

-If it is so we can never be prosperous.
(Ex cup without bottom).
To feel pros pours we should know our actual limit of need
 Happiness and Prosperity in current scenario

 SSSS Sadhan Sampan Sukhi Samridha

 SVDD Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra

 SSDD Sadhan Sampan Dukhi Daridra

 What is natural Acceptance in above three

SSSS
 PREVAILING NOTION
 Happiness and prosperity can be achieved only
by maximizing physical facilities.

 Assuming that wants are unlimited and then

struggling to meet unlimited wants with
limited resource.

 In such situation is it possible to be prosperous .

Appraisal of the current scenario
Unlimited wants and limited resource causes
At the level of individual-
depression anxiety ,stress, health problem.
At the level of family –
breaking of joint family, mistrust ,disharmony, negligence
of older people
At the level of society-
Corruption ,Communalism ,terrorism, exploitation, war
At the level of nature-
Global warming, weather imbalance, depletion of
resources, deforestation
What is our state today:
Money is just representation of physical
facilities, and this representation is based on our
notion. We think earn and accumulate
money/wealth and rest will come of its own. We
keep on working throughout our life for
money/accumulation of wealth. Problem lies
somewhere else and we keep working somewhere
else. Thus, remain troubled, stressed and unhappy
 The program to fulfill Basic Human Aspiration

 Having wealth is necessary, but not sufficient for

prosperity.

 The three basic requirements to ensure happiness and

prosperity for human beings are:

 Right Understanding
 Relationship
 Physical Facility
 Q: What is Human consciousness and Animal
consciousness Also give the correct priority
order of

 Right Understanding
 Relationship
 Physical Facility
 RIGHT
UNDERSTANDING

PHISICAL
RELATIONSHIP FACILITY

HUMAN ANIMAL
CONSCIOUSNESS TRANSFORMATION CONSCIOUSNESS
 Animal Consciousness: To live solely on the basis of
physical facilities is called animal consciousness.

 Human Consciousness: Living with all the three: Right

understanding, Relationship, and Physical Facility is
called human consciousness.

 Transformation: to develop from animal consciousness

to human consciousness is the transformation. It is a
quantitative development in consciousness.
Four levels of our living

 Living in myself
 Living in family
 Living in society
 Living in nature/existence

We have to understand and being in harmony at

all levels of our living to fulfill the basic human
aspiration which is happiness its continuity and
prosperity
 UNIT 2
UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN BEING AS
CO-EXISTENCE OF SELF (I) AND BODY

co-existence
Human = Self (I) Body
Information
UNDERSTANDING THE NEED OF SELF (I) AND
BODY AND FULFILLING THEM
We have to understand Human Being as co-existence of
two entity - self (I) and Body. We must know their needs,
and then only we can fulfill them in proper way.
Needs, Activities of these two entities are given in the
table below
 Activity

Prepare a list of all the need and requirement and

Q`
separate list on the basis of body and self

Analyze
 Percentage of requirement of self and body

 How much time and attention we are devoting for

fulfillment of these need separately

 What are individual finding

 So above imbalance should be avoided by proper self exploration
Need of I is continuous while that of body is
discontinuous

As need of I is continuous so we have to take care of it

continuously

 EX- Friend visit

If only we take care of physical facility not the requirement of I

so it is problem

 Ex- ( My dad is ATM machine)

When we try to perpetuate (nirantarta) physical
facilities, the following pattern results.

Necessary & tasteful

Unnecessary but tasty

Unnecessary and tasteless

Intolerable

 Ex- Sweet consumption

  Understanding the Body as an Instrument of ‘I’ (‘I’
being the Seer (drasta), Doer (karta) and Enjoyer
(bhokta).
Self (I) Body
I am. My body is
I want to live. Body is used as an instrument.
I want to live with continuous happiness. Physical facility is needed for nurturing
(food), protection (clothes, shelter) and
right utilization (instruments/equipments)
of the body – all limited.

To understand and to live in harmony at Production, protection and right utilization

all 4 levels is my program of action of physical facility is part of my program

I am the: seer, doer, enjoyer. Body is used as an instrument.

 We should know ourselves as it helps in better
understanding of following:
 The Self (‘I’) is the basis of everything
 Happiness and unhappiness are the states in the self (‘I’)
 Have more clarity about how we are within The more we
understand ourselves, the more we understand the other
person as well and our relationship with them.
 It allows us to better understand our Program i.e. what is
valuable to us, or what do we ultimately want and how do
we fulfill them
 Activities in Self (I)
Power Activity
1. ------------- 1. Realization (Anubhav)

2. ------------- 2. Understanding (Bodh)

Self ‘I’ 3. Desire (Ichchha) 3. Imaging (Chitrana)

Pre-conditioning 4. Thought (Vichara) 4. Analyzing (Vislesana)

(Manyata)
5. Expectation (Asa) 5. Selection/Tasting
(
(Chayana/Asvadana)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Body Information Exchange Sensation
 Allthe activities of self combinedly known as
IMAGINATION (KALPANA SHEELTA)
 Activity
 Kalpanaseelta--- What is coming in it for last 3 hr.

 Outcome
 Remember all
 Remember some part
 Not remember
 Takeoff
 Two ways by which kalpanasheelta can run
I want to go Delhi

Train
C B

Train Office

Family
S P Express
F
E

Sleeper
AC Friends
Sleeper General

Movie
Delhi
Delhi

Harmony, Clearity Transformation Contradiction ,Confusion

 Takeoff of imagination causes decrease in efficiency.
 During take off some time it may happen that we don’t
have remembrance of any thing from imagination as well
as of present.
(Behoshi ki halat)

Activity
During session how many times takeoff are their count the
number.

Outcome
Frequency of takeoff may reduce
 1. Desire (Ichchha)
2 Thought (Vichara) Imagination
3. Expectation (Asha)

How we are going to react or response is first decided in

imagination and than followed in work

Example --- Manhandling

If once it has been decided in imagination to speak unpleasant
than it can hardly be stopped in action (work)
Inversely if we can work at imagination(Ichchha ,Vichara
Asa) than our activity can be controlled and will be fix
 Source of Desire (Ichchha){Component of imagination}
Mainly three

1.Sensetion { Samvedna} hearing, Tasting,Seing

car,music,sweet

2.Precondiationing { Manyata} Costly car can .

Bring us respect

3.Natural acceptance {Sahaj swikrity} Car is required for

safty and traveling.
 If desire is from sensation and preconditioning
It is partantratan
 If desire is from natural acceptance

It is swatantrata

Activity

1.Check what % of desire are due to sensation and

preconditioning ---- Partantrata %
what % of desire are due to natural acceptance --------
swatantrata %

2. Visualize the % of swatantrata and partantrata in yourself

To achieve harmony at the level of individual we must
respect our self

Q: What is respect also explain various types of evaluation for

human being

Respect = Sam man (in hindi)

Sahi (Right) Mapna( evaluation)

i.e. Respect = Samman = Right evaluation

So we have to rightly evaluate our self

Types of evaluation
Over evaluation (Ego)
Evaluation Under evaluation(Depression)
Right evaluation (Confidence)
Otherwise evaluation
Various evaluation start right from our birth by
Family--
(Raja beta sab kuch kar sakta hai, kuch nahi kar sakta ----)
Relatives , Friend, Other
Other will evaluation us on the basis of his\her
competence to bring us in state of ego\depression\
confidance
 What you think that any other should evaluate our self or you by
your self.

 It is our right to evaluate our self rightly ,no other should evaluate
us

 If we have rightly evaluated our self, than what the other says for
us will not going to effect us deeply

 if other is exchanging unpleasant even though we will not disturb

 If we have rightly evaluated us ,we will have confidence to present

us normal no matter ,other is giving respect or not
 Other have done Effect on us
Dis respect Under evaluation
Your Jacket is good Over evaluation
Color is not good Under evaluation

The remote is in hand of other

We can behave like puppet
 Harmony with the Body – Understanding Sanyama
And Svasthya
co-existence
Human = Self (I) Body
Information
Conscious Material

Sanyama (self-regulation) Svasthya (Health)

Nurturing Protection Right Utilization of Body

Food Clothing ,Shelter positive use of Energy

 Svasthya (Health):
 The body can act according to the need of I

 Svasthya is the condition of the Body where every part

of the Body is performing its expected function.

 There is harmony within the Body and it is fit for use

by the Self (I).

Sanyama (self-regulation):
The feeling of responsibility in the Self (I) for nurturing,
protection and right utilization of the Body.
We have to take some care of our body otherwise
nature it self have provided loot of
 206 bones need not to control

 Continuous respiration
 Self regulatory hart
 Rigid Helmet over brain
 Understanding and Living with Sanyama
Nurturing of the Body (Posana)
Proper Food, Air, Water etc (Ahar) and ensuring
 Ingestion how to in take food
 Digestion
 Excretion

Protection of the Body

 Proper upkeep (vihara) of the Body
 Physical Labour (shrama) and Exercise (vyayama)
 Asan-Pranayam
 Treatment of the Body (Ausadhi-Chiktsa)
 Right Utilization of the Body
The body is said to be rightly utilized when it is –
1. Used for fulfilling basic aspiration of Individuals i.e. to
live with continuous happiness and prosperity.
2. Used for fulfilling comprehensive human goal i.e.
(a) Right understanding in every individual,
(b) Prosperity in every family,
(c) Fearlessness (Trust) in society &
(d) Co-existence with nature.
 UNIT – 3
HARMONY IN THE FAMILY ( UNDERSTANDING
VALUES IN RELATIONSHIPS)
Values or Feelings in Relationship
We naturally live in family, we have relationships where
we interact with other human being for mutual
happiness
1. Relationship is – between the self (I) and the other self
(I)
2. There are feelings, or expectation of feelings, in
relationship – of one self (I) for the other self (I)
3. These feelings can be recognized – they are definite
4. Their fulfillment and evaluation leads to mutual
happiness
Justice (Nyaya) : Justice is the recognition of values in
relationship, their fulfillment, the right
evaluation of fulfillment of values resulting in mutual
happiness (Ubbay-tripti).

Self (I) Relationship Self (I)

Recognize the values (feelings) in a relationship

Fulfillment of values (feeling)

Evaluate the fulfillment of the values

Mutual Happiness
Nine feelings in relationship:

1. Trust (Vishwas)

2. Respect (sammaan)

3. Affection (Sneha)

4. Care (Mamta)
5. Guidance (Vatsalya)

6. Reverence (Shraddha)

7. Glory (Gaurav)

8. Gratitude (Kratagyata)

9. Love (Prem)
 For good relationship in family we must understand
all the 9 feeling and when we are behaving with other
family member we must take care for all these feeling
 All family members want these feeling transfer
preperly

Explanation and understanding of nine feeling

1.Trust (Vishwas)
To be assured that other human being inherently wants
to make me happy and prosperous.
Trust is most important and foundational value (feeling) in
relationship.
 Intention and Competence

Intention – What we want to do

 Is Related with the proposal that we have in self
 Intention is related with Natural acceptance

Competence – Ability to fulfill

 Competence is related with What we are
 Is related with what we can perform with our body
The intention and competence can be better understand
on the basis of following questions
Q1 I want to make my self happy Q2 I am always able to make my
(a) (a) self happy

(b) I want to make other happy (b) I am always able to make

other happy

(c) Other want to make him self (c) Other is always able to make
happy him self happy

(d) The other wants to make me (d) Other is always able to make
happy me happy

All the above questions are All the above questions are
related with-intention related with-competence
 We have to check intention and competence
separately

Problem is when we check our self we do on the basis

of competence while we evaluate other mostly on the
basis of intention
Example -Braking of tea cup

 If the problem is of competence and we are showing

doubt on intention it create problem in relationship

 If we have proposal that my intentions are right

while the intentions of other are always wrong than it
is problem for us
 ActuallyI want to live in harmony with
other similarly other also want to live in
harmony with all (Explain)

i.e. the intention of me and other is always right

(same and naturally accepted) mostly there is only
problem of competence
Q: Explain trust in reference with intention
ANS. Trust is believe on intention .

Q:If you recognize that the intention is right but the

problem is of competence so what you will do
1. Coup rate
2. anger

Q:If you recognize that the intention is not right than what
you will do
3. Coup rate
4. anger
 If we are getting angry it means we have doubt
on intention and doubt on intention means no
trust and without trust no relation

 Whether we have any relation in which we

never get angry

 Conversely if we have true relation we should

never have doubt on intention we should never
get angry on mistakes of other rather we will
support other.
Competence can be improve
 If other is having more competence than me
• So it is my duty to learn from him
 If other is having less competence than me
• So it is my duty to improve the competence of
other
 Trust in present scenario
Trust is the foundational value in relationship.
There are two part of human behavior i.e.
intention and competence.
When we are judging ourselves, we judge on the
basis of competence, whereas, when we judging
others, we judge on the basis of intention.
We say, He did not want to do well i.e We doubt on
other’s intention while We trust our own. Hence,
mistrust is born and we deny the relationship.
When we are doubting the intention of the other, we get
into opposition. We have to check, how many are there
whose intention we trust at all the time. The answer is
none for most of us.
This is true even within families, society and the
organizations. This is the most serious matter in all our
interpersonal relationship – between husband and wife,
father and son, between friends ,in the organization –
( between owner and employee, superior and
subordinate)
this lack of trust, at the level of intention, is basic issue.
And we seem to doing nothing to resolve this issue.
2. Respect
It is right evaluation, to be evaluated as I am.

We have to evaluate our family member rightly

usually we make mistake in our evaluation in the

following three ways.
Over Evaluation (adhi-mulyana) – to evaluate more than
what it is.
Under Evaluation (ava-mulyana) – to evaluate less than
what it is.
Otherwise Evaluation (a – mulyana) – to evaluate
otherwise than what it is.
Over, under, otherwise evaluation is dis-respect
Over evaluation -- ego
Under and Otherwise evaluation --- depression
Right evaluation ------ Confidence

EGO

CONFIDANCE
DEPRESSION
 OVER
EGO
TRANSFORMATATION

CONFIDANCE

DEPRESS RIGHT
I-ON

UNDER
Few exchange of words can bring us or other in state of ego
or depression if we have not evaluated our self rightly.
i.e the remote of us in the hand of other
But if we evaluate right we remain unaffected (SAMBHAV)
For the harmony in family we should rightly evaluate other.
But some time we differentiate we made it on the basis of
1.Body (gender,age, physical strength)
2. Physical Facilities( wealth, post),
3.On the basis of Beliefs
 In some societies Males have more respect than
female ,some time We differentiate on the basis of skin
colour
 What about subordinates/youngsters? Should we insult
them? Respect and admire the rich?
 Differentiation on the basis of

Body Physical facility

Belief

Age
Colour Pre
conditioning

Gender
Physical strength

Wealth
Post
3. Affection (sneha):
Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Feeling
of affection comes when trust and respect are already
ensured.

4. Care (mamata):
The feeling of Care is the feeling to nurture and protect the
body of our relative.

5. Guidance (Vatsalya):
The feeling of ensuring right understanding in the other (my
relative) is called Guidance.
6. Reverence (shraddha): The feeling of acceptance of
excellence in the other is called reverence (shraddha).

7. Glory (Gaurava): Glory (gaurav) is the feeling for

someone who has made efforts for our Excellence.

8. Gratitude (Kritagyata): Gratitude is the feeling of

acceptance for those who have made efforts for my
excellence.

9. Love (Prem): The feeling of being related to all is love.

This is also called complete value (purna mulya).
Reaction Vs Response

Reaction Response

Doubt on Intention We are able to see that relationship is at the

level of ‘I’

Irritation We feel the relatedness with the other – at the

level of ‘I’

Getting Angry We don’t doubt the intention of the other ‘I’

Fights We feel a sense of responsibility to improve our

own competence and other’s competence.
We work for mutual fulfilment.
 Activity
 Introduce yourself
 Your right evaluation
 Importance of HV in your life

(What changes that you find in your self due to the

study of HV)
UNIT-4 HARMONY IN THE SOCIETY

Comprehensive Human Goal

1.Right Understanding ---> 2. Prosperity ------> 3. Fearlessness (Trust) -----
(In Every Individual) (In Every Family) (Society)
------> 4. Co-existence
(In Nature)

Programs Needed to Achieve the Comprehensive Human

Goal:
There are Five Dimensions of Human Endeavour to achieve
Comprehensive Human Goal.
1. Education – Right Living (Siksha-Sanskara)
2. Health – Self-regulation (Svasthya-Sanyam)
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya-Suraksha)
4. Production – Work (Utpadan-Karya)
5. Exchange – Storage (Vinmaya-Kosa)

1. Education – Right Living (Siksha-Sanskara):

Education is the understanding of harmony at all the four
levels of our existence – from myself to the entire
existence. This dimension of society works to ensure
‘Right Understanding” and ‘Right Feelings” in all. called
Samadhana in every individual.
2. Health – Self-regulation (Svasthya-Sanyam):
Sanyama (self-regulation): The feeling of responsibility
in the Self (I) for nurturing, protection and right
utilization of the Body.

Svasthya (Health): Svasthya is the condition of the

Body where every part of the Body is performing its
expected function. There is harmony with the Body
and its is fit for use by the Self (I).

Sanyama (self-regulation) is the basis of

Svasthya.
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya-Suraksha)
Justice (Nyaya) : Justice is the recognition of values in
relationship, their fulfilment , the right evaluation of
fulfilment of values resulting in mutual happiness (Ubbay-
tripti).

Preservation (Suraksha): Preservation refers to harmony

in the relationship between human being and the rest of the
nature. It is recognition of relationship with nature, their
fulfilment, the right evaluation of fulfilment of values
resulting in mutual Prosperity

Enrichment, Protection and Right utilization of Nature.

4. Production – Work (Utpadan-Karya)
Work: work refers to the physical efforts made by human
on the rest of nature.

Production: production refers to the output/physical

produce that is obtained through efforts.

Before the production two questions needs to be

answered.
Q1:What to produce?
It depends upon the right identification of needs. What is
needed for the nourishment, protection and right
utilization of the body.
Q2:How to produce?
 The way the nature is organized.
 The system should be cyclic.
 Ensure that every unit is enriched.
5. Exchange – Storage (Vinmaya-Kosa)

Exchange refers to the exchange of physical facilities

between the members of the society
i.e. exchange of produce with a view of mutual fulfilment
not for madness of profit.

Storage refers to storage of physical facilities that is

left after the fulfilment the needs of the family
i.e. storage of produce after fulfilment of needs with a view
of right utilization in future, not for hoarding.
Evolving towards Universal human order
(MANVIYA VYAVASTHA)
On the basis of the comprehensive human goal,
The society gets organized harmonically in the
following order

FAMILY ------> FAMILY CLUSTER ------> VILLAGE

FAMILY ------> VILLAGE CLUSTER ----->
WORLD FAMILY

Q: write a explanatory note to Visualize a

universal harmonious order in society.
Cycle of sikcha- sanskar in family
Imitate(0-2) {Anusaran}

Follow (2-4) {Anukaran}

Right Wrong
Verify(4-10)
Checking

Self disciplined Opposition(verodh)

(If parents rules and compel)

Malignancy(10-13)(Droh)
 Malignancy(10-13)(Droh)
(Oppose in side)
Defection(13-24)(vidroh)

Clash(24-30)(Sangharsh)

If right understanding If not

Marriage

May Solve War/Fight

Next generation
Some one at any level have to take the decision with
right understanding to solve.

Bravery (Dhirata)
IF in family or society other is saying wrong even then
if I am right so I will continue without offering any
oppose to other

(Galat tharay jane par bhi sahi ke sath lage rahna)

 Activity and discussion

1. Develop a chapter for social science and

human values which also include need and
scope of hv in primary education.

2. Recollect and narrate an incident in your life

where you were able to exhibit willful
adherence to values in a difficult situation.
Q: How too much industrialization and excess
production of goods effects the natural recourses,
society and environment also explain how
different polices and advertisement increases
demand of goods in society?
Planned obsolescence
Perceived obsolescence
Planned obsolescence-
Designed for dump(make stuff useless as quickly as possible) EX
Change in shape in some computer part
Perceived obsolescence
stuff may work properly but get outdated Ex1.CRT/LCD/TFT monitor
2. fashion change
HARMONY IN NATURE –
UNDERSTANDING THE INTERCONNECTEDNESS
AND MUTUAL FULFILLMENT of various order of
nature
Four orders in Nature:
1. Material Order (Padartha Avastha) –
Soil, water, air, etc.
2. Plant/Bio Order (Prana Avastha) –
plants, trees, grass, etc.
3. Animal Order (Jiva Avastha) –
Animal & Birds
4. Human (Knowledge) Order (Gyana Avastha) – Human
Beings.
All the above four order are inter connected and every
order have to mutually exchange with one another for
mutual fulfilment in nature but
 all the three orders other than human order are
mutually fulfilling for themselves as well as for all
other orders
 Mutual fulfilment is naturally acceptable to all
orders
 Due to lack of right understanding, the Human order
is not yet able to ensure mutual fulfilment. This can
be seen in the form of problems such
as pollution, resource depletion, extinction of animals,
global warming and threats to human race on earth
 Material Order

Pranic Order Animal Order

HUMAN ORDER
Human order is mostly consuming(At faster rate) the
things from other order
Like mining of coal , Petroleum
This is problem---stability of earth ,Global warming,
pollution

max Carbon dioxide level--- 350 ppm

In 2012 Delhi ------ 370 ppm
In 2016 delhi ------ 430 ppm
Even human is tempering natural things which are
for human use (adulteration)
1.Kesari Dal mix in arahar dal ( metabolism of body
disturbs)
2.Urea and detergents in milk ( Harmful for kidney)
3.Starch in khoa (Lovers nutritional value)
4. Chalk powder in sugar (Stomach disorder)
5.Argemone oil in mustard oil (Hart, kidney, eye
problem)
6. Karanja oil in edible oil (liver damage)
7. Non permitted color in sweets jelly (Carcinogenic)
Right understanding and awareness is the only
salutation for above problem
Volume wise human order is about1% while other three
order are about 99%
Material order > Pranic order > Animal order > Human
order

Human order 1%
1%
Animal order

Pranic order 99%

Material Order
MMMmm
As human order is only 1% of total so we should
behave with care with other order (smallest
can vanish easily)

 If all the country starts consuming the

resources as U.S than there will be requirement
of 5 such earth.

 Technology with right understanding is bless

 Technology without right understanding is
curse
GDP
(gross domestic production), if we reduce the
home made food and we start consuming
packed food more than GDP will increase and
we will conceder more develop country but
what about health and happiness.

On the basis of GDP Bhutan is at lower side of

list but on the basis of happiness and prosperity
index Bhutan is very upper side.
 Developed Country
Developing Country

Developing countries are asking for technology by which they can clean greenery
at faster rate
 Understanding the Four Orders of Nature
Order Material Plant/Bio Animal Human
Things Soil, water, plants, trees, Animal & Human Beings.
air, etc. grass, etc. Birds
Activity Composition/ Composition/ Composition/ Composition/
(Kriya) Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition Decompo
+ , sition,
Respiration Respiration) in Respiration) in
Body + Body +
Selection in 'I' Selection,
thought, Desire)
in 'I' &
need for
Realization &
Understanding
Order Material Plant/Bio Animal Human

Characteristic Existence Existence + (Existence, Existence,

(Dharana) Growth Growth) in Growth) in
Body + will to Body + will to
live in 'I' live with
happiness in 'I'

Participation Composition/ Composition/ Composition/ Composition/

(Swabhava) Decompositio Decomp Decompositio Decompo
n osition + n, sition,
Nurture/ Nurture/ Nurture/
Worsen Worsen) in Worsen) in
Body + Body +
(Noncruelty/ (Perseverance,
cruelty) in 'I' Bravery,
Generosity) in
'I'
Order Material Plant/Bio Animal Human

Basic Recognizing, Recognizing, Recognizing, Recognizing,

Activity fulfillment fulfillment fulfillment) in fulfillment) in
(kriya) Body + Body +
Assuming, Knowing,
Recognizing, Assuming,
Fulfillment in Recognizing,
'I' Fulfillment
in 'I'

Inheritance Constitution Seed Breed Right

(Anushangita Conformance Conformance conformance values/sanska
) (parinama (bija anu- (vansa anu- ra
anu-sangita) sangita) sangita) conformance
(sanskar
anu-sangita)
Order 1,2,3 all ready showing mutual
fulfillment and there complimentary
enrichment
But the contribution of 4th order (Human
order) Is not up to mark and it have to
improve
 Activity and Discussion

1.Recollect and narrate your valuable contribution

for mutual enrichment with other order of
nature .

2.Explain about your future strategy for better

exchange with other order of nature.
EX
 To grow organic vegetables for Hall 8 residents to
facilitate good health.(At IIT kanpur)
 Plantation
 Biogas plants
 To make aware the society for right under standing
 To make awareness regarding health/pollution etc.
 Program to help and educate the BPL kid
Recyclability and self-regulation in nature
There is recyclability and self regulation exist in nature
RECYCLABILITY: During process, a material unit in
nature transforms and finally comes back to the same
form
EX Cycle of water, oxygen, nitrogen

SELF-REGULATION: The breeds of animal and plants

continue to exist by themselves in mutually fulfilling
manner.
EX Population of animal and plants are regulated in such
a way that all the breeds continue to exist
Harmony in Existence (Understanding Existence
as Co-existence)
Existence

Units (ikai) Submerged in Space (Sunya)

Limited Unlimited
Active No-activity
Energized Energy in Equilibrium

Material (jar) Consciousness (chaitanya)

Recognizing Knowing , Assuming
Temporary Continuous
Jivan Gyana
Understanding the Self (I),
activity of ‘I’ and their interrelation with body,
understanding the reality of ‘I’ as being distinct from
the body is called Knowledge of Self (I) or Jivan is
called Jivan Gyana.

Darshana Gyan
Understanding the harmony at all the levels means
Knowledge of Existence is Darshana Gyan.
Manaviyata Purna Acharna Gyana
Having understood ‘I’ (jivana) and the entire
existence,
we understood our relationship with every unit in
existence and fulfil it, leading to mutual happiness
and prosperity.
This is called Knowledge of Human Conduct Or
Manaviyata Purna Acharna Gyana
Every unit is submerged in space
 It is energized in space
 It is self organized in space
 It recognizes and fulfills the relationship with other in
space
 Activity

List down some common units of nature which you

come across in your daily life and classify them in
the four order of nature, also analyze and explain
the aspect of mutual fulfillment of these unit
Natural acceptance of human values
Before implication of Holistic understanding
(understanding of HV) we should recapitulate the
core theme i.e Harmony and co-existence at all
levels
Existence ----->Nature ----> society ----> Family
-----> The human being
Process of self exploration has to continue and
become a part of our day to day living as well as
our professional work.
By that there will be definiteness of human conduct
what may be called ethical human conduct.
Values
In relation 9 values
But with material thing two type of values are there

Utility value
The participation of a physical facility in ensuring
nurturing and protection of the body

Artistic value
The participation of a physical facility in ensuring right
utilization of the body
Salient features of Ethical Human Conduct
Values: values are the outcome of realization and
understanding which are always definite.

Policy: Having been convinced about the values and about the
inherent harmony in the existence, I am able to develop an
ethical sense in all my pursuits.
I always think we have, and work towards nurturing this
harmony. It leads us to adopt policies conducive human
welfare- conducive to enrichment, protection and right
utilization of mind, body and wealth.
Character: definitiveness of my desire, thought, and
selection, gives definitiveness to my living.
Definitiveness of character is the outcome of the
definiteness of my behaviour and work.
 Rightful production, acquisition and utilization
of wealth (sva dhana).
 Humane behaviour and work with kindness
(dayapurna karya-vavahar).
Ethical Human Conduct
Ethics: the definitiveness of human conduct in terms of
values, policies and character, is termed as Ethics.
Ethical conduct implies that it is naturally acceptable to
me and does not give rise to conflict within.
Ethical conduct implies that is in consonance with right
understanding of the reality – the underlying harmony
at all levels.
Ethical human conduct is self-satisfying, people friendly
and universal.
Development of human consciousness
As we transform to the human consciousness from right
understanding, we are able to base our thoughts and
activities on right understanding, give relationship a
higher priority than physical facilities, identifying our
physical needs and ensure it through avartansila
production, enriching rest of the nature as well.
Finally, it may be appreciated that life and profession
can not be seen in a segregated manner.
Profession is only a sub set of the activities needed for
our living, therefore , a subset of life.
The ethical human conduct is definite and universal
BASIS FOR THE HOLISTIC ALTERNATIVE
TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HUMAN ORDER
To facilitate the process of right understanding in the
society , to create a favorable environment and to
ensure the continuity of this process in human being
from generation to generation following is required
1. Vision
2. Humanistic Education.
3. Humanistic Constitution
4. Universal human order and its implications
1. Vision for the holistic alternative
A correct appraisal of the comprehensive human goal
welfare and the realization of coexistence at all levels
enable us to visualize and gradually evolve a viable
alternative to the prevailing pattern of human living.
Thus the right understanding prepares us for moving
towards the holistic alternative (Universal Human
Order) which will be sustainable as well as conducive
to fulfill the basic human aspirations for all human
beings.
It will be a mode of living which is self satisfying,
people friendly and eco friendly.
2.Humanistic Education
Humanistic education will incorporate appropriate
integration of values and skills so that human being are able
to understand their physical needs correctly and adopt
suitable techniques and production systems to cater to these
needs in an eco-friendly and people friendly manner.
The humanistic education will facilitate the process of self
exploration which will lead to continuous self evolution of
human being.
It will also enable the realization of once innateness as well as
the universality and definitiveness of ethical human
conduct.
It will also develop the conviction that only value based living
can be conducive to continuous happiness and prosperity for
one and all.
3.Humanistic Constitution
Presently, the human society is divided into various castes,
breeds, religions and nationalities whose objectives and
interests are proving contrary to those of others.
Accordingly a major part of human endeavour is used in
handling those conflicts and contradictions.
Paradoxically, the human beings are spending substantial
part of their energies and resources in preparing
themselves for war, only to ensure peace.
When the parameters of human welfare are universal i.e.
commonly applicable to all human beings, the
humanistic constitution can only alternative for the
fulfillment of human aspiration.
4.Universal human order and its implications
On the basis of the understanding of harmony we get the
notion of an undivided society and universal human
order.
The universal human order will comprise of:
1. The five dimensions of human endeavour towards a
fragmented society.
2. The steps of organization from family to world family,
each anchored in right understanding will integrate in
the following ways:
Family ----> family cluster ---> village/community ------->
village cluster -----> world family.
 Activity
Identify any two important problems being faced
by the society today and analyze the root cause of
the problems.
Can these be resolve on the basis of natural
acceptance of human values. If so, how should
one proceed in this direction from the present
situation?
Professional ethics in the light of right understanding
Profession is channel of participation by human beings in
the larger order in pursuance of comprehensive human
goal.
In the process one is able to contribute towards the
livelihood of one’s family and also participate in the
larger order constituting the society and the nature
around.
It is an important activity to authenticate one’s
understanding, whereby we interact with other human
beings and with rest of the nature in a mutually fulfilling
manner.
Thus, the ‘Profession is a Service’.
Competence in Professional Ethics
1. Clarity about the comprehensive human goal: Samadhana -
Samriddhi – Abhaya - Saha-astitva and its fulfillment
through universal human order from family order to world
family.
2. Confidence in oneself as well as confidence in the harmony,
co-existence and self-regulation prevailing in entire existence.
3. Competence of mutually fulfilling behaviour, clarity and
confidence in ethical human conduct and its correlation with
sustainable personal as well as collective happiness and
prosperity.
4. Competence of mutually enriching interaction with nature,
ability to assess the needs for physical facilities for the family
and their fulfillment through production
systems ensuring harmony in the nature.
5. Competence of actualizing one’s understanding in real life.
How Competence in Professional Ethics can be achieved?
The development of ethical competence is a long-term
process to be achieved through appropriate value
education.
As profession is only a subset of the life activities, the
competence in profession will only be the manifestation
of one’s right understanding.
Thus, Competence in Professional Ethics can be achieved
through right understanding
Salient Unethical practice in the profession at present
Now a days the professional activities are primarily profit-
oriented , at present there is no such mechanism to develop
the ethical competence and right understanding among
society.
Let us look at some critical contradiction and dilemmas
responsible for un-ethical practice in profession
1.Corruption at various level.
2.Unetical nature of advertisement and promotion for sales
3.Cut-throte competition
4.Adulteration
5.Exploitation at various level
6. Negligence and dis-regard for environment
7.Promotion of un sustainable technologies

The increase in above unethical practices in various

professions, the contradictions and dilemmas are
primarily due to the prevailing worldview focusing on
profit maximization.
These can be resolved through right understanding.
HOLISTIC TECHNOLOGIES, PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS AND MANAGEMENT MODELS
The Holistic Criteria for system

 Identification of appropriate needs and lifestyles.

 People-friendly

 Eco-friendly
Criteria for Technologies
 Catering to real human needs
 Compatible with natural systems and cycles
 Facilitating effective utilization of human body,
animals, plants and materials
 Safe, user-friendly and conducive to health
 Producible with local resources and expertise as far as
possible
 Promoting the use of renewable energy resources
 Low cost and energy efficient
 Enhancing human interaction and cooperation
 Promoting decentralization
 Durability and life cycle recyclability of products.
Criteria For Production Systems
The below mentioned four basic questions to be
asked for a production system.
1. What to produce?
2. How to produce?
3. For whom to produce?
4. And how much to produce?
Holistic Management Model
The management needs to focus at the fulfillment of the
people involved in the production system as well as the
users of the produce and not to profit mania. The
following criteria can be chosen for a humanistic
management model:
 The whole unit working as well-combined family.
 Cooperative and motivational
 Ensuring correct appraisal of human labour
 Targeting employer-employee as well as consumer
satisfaction and not profit maximization.
 Sharing of responsibility and participation mode of
management
 Continuous value addition of the persons involved.
 Effectively integrating individual competence and
complementarily
Strategies for transition towards value based life and
profession
Some strategies should follow to ensure right
understanding and transition to human consciousness
 What can be done at the individual level?
 What can be done at the level of society and
organization?
 What can be taken up immediately?
 What can be taken up as long term strategy?
 Activity
Suggest way in which you can use your knowledge
of science, technology , management etc. for
moving towards a universal order.
 Activity
The course is going to be over now. It is time to evaluate
what difference in your thinking has it made.
Summarize the core message of this course grasped by you.
How has this affected you in term of;
(a)Thought
(b) Behavior
(c) Work
(d) Realization