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    Mobile Communication

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    api-3833807
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile communication technology. It covers early cellular networks which had inconsistent standards between states. It then describes the cellular structure using cells and handoffs. It discusses GSM and CDMA standards and their advantages. It also covers short message service (SMS), general packet radio service (GPRS) for internet access, and Bluetooth for wireless connectivity between devices. The document provides information on the key components of cellular networks including mobile stations, base stations, base station controllers, and mobile switching centers. It discusses the call pathway and describes SIM cards and their use for identification. Finally, it covers some uses and disadvantages of mobile phones as well as future applications.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mobile Communication

    Uploaded by

    api-3833807
    152 views38 pages
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile communication technology. It covers early cellular networks which had inconsistent standards between states. It then describes the cellular structure using cells and handoffs. It discusses GSM and CDMA standards and their advantages. It also covers short message service (SMS), general packet radio service (GPRS) for internet access, and Bluetooth for wireless connectivity between devices. The document provides information on the key components of cellular networks including mobile stations, base stations, base station controllers, and mobile switching centers. It discusses the call pathway and describes SIM cards and their use for identification. Finally, it covers some uses and disadvantages of mobile phones as well as future applications.

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    The document discusses the evolution of mobile communication technology. It covers early cellular networks which had inconsistent standards between states. It then describes the cellular structure using cells and handoffs. It discusses GSM and CDMA standards and their advantages. It also covers short message service (SMS), general packet radio service (GPRS) for internet access, and Bluetooth for wireless connectivity between devices. The document provides information on the key components of cellular networks including mobile stations, base stations, base station controllers, and mobile switching centers. It discusses the call pathway and describes SIM cards and their use for identification. Finally, it covers some uses and disadvantages of mobile phones as well as future applications.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    152 views38 pages

    Mobile Communication

    Uploaded by

    api-3833807
    The document discusses the evolution of mobile communication technology. It covers early cellular networks which had inconsistent standards between states. It then describes the cellular structure using cells and handoffs. It discusses GSM and CDMA standards and their advantages. It also covers short message service (SMS), general packet radio service (GPRS) for internet access, and Bluetooth for wireless connectivity between devices. The document provides information on the key components of cellular networks including mobile stations, base stations, base station controllers, and mobile switching centers. It discusses the call pathway and describes SIM cards and their use for identification. Finally, it covers some uses and disadvantages of mobile phones as well as future applications.

    Copyright:

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    You are on page 1of 38

    Mobile Communication

    Difficulties with old system


    • Every state had a different standard for cell
    phones
    • Changing through was not possible
    • Phone in one state was not supported in the
    other
    • This led to slow growth in technology
    Cellular Structure
    • A cell is a small area
    having its own trans-
    receiver
    • The size of cell
    depends on number
    of users.
    …Cellular Structure
    • Handoff : changing the
    cells in use

    • Keeps the phone in


    range continuously
    Disadvantages of Cellular Networks
    • Need for more infrastructure
    • Need for fixed network to connect Base
    Stations
    • Some residual interference from co-channel
    cells
    • Handover procedure required
    GSM
    • Global System for
    Mobile
    communications
    • Group formed for
    standardization of
    technology
    Call Pathway
    Base Station
    Network Subsystem
    Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks

    PSTN
    MSC/ GMSC
    BSC VLR
    BTS
    ME
    SIM
    PLMN

    EIR HLR AUC


    Internet

    +
    SD

    Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

    Mobile phone -> BTS -> BSC -> MSC -> PSTN / MSC
    MSC / PSTN -> MSC -> BSC -> BTS -> Mobile phone
    Mobile Station (MS)

    • Mobile Equipment
    – Fixed
    – Portable
    • International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
    number
    • Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
    • Personal Identification Number (PIN)
    • International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
    number
    • Enables access to subscribed services
    • Smart card
    What is SIM card?
    • Subscriber Identity
    Module
    • Works as a user ID
    • It is the KEY for
    entering mobile
    network
    • It is the removable
    part of the phones
    Call Pathway
    Base Station
    Network Subsystem
    Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks

    PSTN
    MSC/ GMSC
    BSC VLR
    BTS
    ME
    SIM
    PLMN

    EIR HLR AUC


    Internet

    +
    SD

    Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

    Mobile phone -> BTS -> BSC -> MSC -> PSTN / MSC
    MSC / PSTN -> MSC -> BSC -> BTS -> Mobile phone
    Base Transceiver Station - BTS
    – Usually referred to as the Base Station
    – Provides the interface to the network for the MS
    – Handles all communications with the MS
    – Less “intelligent” than analogue equivalent
    • cheaper than analogue systems
    • bypass analogue in less wealthy countries
    – “intelligence” now deployed on MS
    • for example, when to perform a handover
    – Transmitting power determines cell size
    Base Station Controller - BSC
    – Controls Base Stations
    • up to several hundred depending on manufacturer
    – Manages radio channels
    • allocation and release
    – Coordinates Handover
    – Physical location may vary
    – Abis interface
    • between BSC and BTS
    Call Pathway
    Base Station
    Network Subsystem
    Mobile Station Subsystem Other Networks

    PSTN
    MSC/ GMSC
    BSC VLR
    BTS
    ME
    SIM
    PLMN

    EIR HLR AUC


    Internet

    +
    SD

    Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

    Mobile phone -> BTS -> BSC -> MSC -> PSTN / MSC
    MSC / PSTN -> MSC -> BSC -> BTS -> Mobile phone
    Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

    – Performs all switching/exchange functions


    – Handles
    – registration
    – authentication
    – location updating
    – A GSM network must have at least one MSC
    – May connect to other networks
    • Gateway MSC (GMSC)
    CDMA
    • CDMA (Code Division
    Multiple Access) splits
    calls into fragments and
    send them over different
    frequencies
    simultaneously
    • Can be thought as
    improved GSM
    • It can support more
    users in a channel
    • It is more secure
    • 27% of mobile phones
    are CDMA phones
    SMS
    • SMS=Short Message Service=Current
    Worldwide “Killer Application”
    • A basic text messaging service for sending
    messages up to 160 characters to mobile
    phones
    • Billions of messages are sent each month
    very profitable for providers
    Evolution of messaging
    Versatility of Content and User Benefits
    Rich Call

    Mobile
    Multimedia

    Multimedia
    Message
    Browsing Picture Service
    Messaging
    SMS

    Text Text & Digital New


    Graphics image content
    Messaging input types

    Time
    SMS pathway
    • Messages are sent to a Short Message
    Service Centre (SMSC) which provides a
    store-and-forward mechanism.
    • If a recipient is not reachable, the SMSC
    tells the message for later retry
    • Some SMSC only provide forward and
    forget method
    GPRS
    • GPRS - General
    Packet Radio Service
    • It is used to connect
    internet through
    mobile
    • Provides high speed
    data connectivity
    BLUETOOTH
    What’s With the Name?
    • King Harald Bluetooth (A.D. 940 to 985)
    • 10th century Viking king in Denmark

    • Credited for uniting the country and


    established Christianity

    • Viking states included Norway & Sweden,


    which is the connection to Ericsson (creator
    of bluetooth)

    •Similarly Bluetooth is to connect


    Computers and Mobiles
    What Is Bluetooth?
    • Designed to be used to connect both mobile devices
    and other instruments that require a wire

    • Simplifying communications
    between:
    - devices and the internet
    - data synchronization

    • “USB without wires”


    • Short range wireless radio technology
    - operate range of 10 meters
    Bluetooth Devices

    Bluetooth will soon be enabled in


    everything from:
    • Telephones
    • Headsets
    • Computers
    • Cameras
    • PDAs
    • Cars
    • Etc …
    Bluetooth Products 1

    • Bluetooth-enabled
    PC Card
    Bluetooth Products 2

    • Bluetooth-enabled
    PDA
    Bluetooth Products 3
    • Bluetooth-enabled
    Cell Phone
    Bluetooth Products 4

    • Bluetooth-enabled
    Head Set
    Advantages (+)

    • Wireless (No Cables)


    • No Setup Needed
    • Low Power Consumption (1 Milliwat)
    • Industry Wide Support
    Power Requirement
    • Battery with longer
    talk time, light weight,
    proper shape.
    • Easy recharging, long
    life.
    • Lithium Ion &
    recently
    lithium polymer.
    USES

    • SMS,MMS
    • Camera, Video Recording
    • Music player, Radio
    • Games
    • Text reader, NEWS
    • Video conferencing
    DISADVANTAGES
    • Possible Cancer linkage.
    • Pain in fingers due to constant messaging
    & hearing problems.
    • Disposal problem
    • For terrorist activity
    FUTURE
    • Runtime information
    about hotels &
    libraries.
    • During emergency,
    lost can find way back.
    • Mobile T.V.

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