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    Digital Signal Processing c1

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    Meliza Sioting
    Digital signal processing (DSP) offers key advantages like guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, and flexibility. It is used in many application areas including image processing, instrumentation/control, speech and audio, military, telecommunication, biomedical, and more. DSP involves key operations like convolution, correlation, filtering, and discrete transforms. Real-time signal processing involves analog to digital conversion via sampling, quantizing, and encoding and digital to analog conversion via signal recovery. It faces constraints like limited bit numbers, speed of ADC/DAC, errors from temperature, non-linearities, aliasing, and anti-aliasing filters.

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    Digital Signal Processing c1

    Uploaded by

    Meliza Sioting
    106 views20 pages
    Digital signal processing (DSP) offers key advantages like guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, and flexibility. It is used in many application areas including image processing, instrumentation/control, speech and audio, military, telecommunication, biomedical, and more. DSP involves key operations like convolution, correlation, filtering, and discrete transforms. Real-time signal processing involves analog to digital conversion via sampling, quantizing, and encoding and digital to analog conversion via signal recovery. It faces constraints like limited bit numbers, speed of ADC/DAC, errors from temperature, non-linearities, aliasing, and anti-aliasing filters.

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    Digital signal processing (DSP) offers key advantages like guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, and flexibility. It is used in many application areas including image processing, instrumentation/control, speech and audio, military, telecommunication, biomedical, and more. DSP involves key operations like convolution, correlation, filtering, and discrete transforms. Real-time signal processing involves analog to digital conversion via sampling, quantizing, and encoding and digital to analog conversion via signal recovery. It faces constraints like limited bit numbers, speed of ADC/DAC, errors from temperature, non-linearities, aliasing, and anti-aliasing filters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    106 views20 pages

    Digital Signal Processing c1

    Uploaded by

    Meliza Sioting
    Digital signal processing (DSP) offers key advantages like guaranteed accuracy, reproducibility, reliability, and flexibility. It is used in many application areas including image processing, instrumentation/control, speech and audio, military, telecommunication, biomedical, and more. DSP involves key operations like convolution, correlation, filtering, and discrete transforms. Real-time signal processing involves analog to digital conversion via sampling, quantizing, and encoding and digital to analog conversion via signal recovery. It faces constraints like limited bit numbers, speed of ADC/DAC, errors from temperature, non-linearities, aliasing, and anti-aliasing filters.

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    DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

    By Engr. Ramon A. Alguidano Jr.

    Digital signal processing and its benefits


    Type of signals of particular interest are Speech Biomedical signals Sound and music Video and image Radar signals

    Key advantages of DSP


    Guaranteed Accuracy Perfect reproducibility No drift in the performance with temperature change Greater reliability Greater flexibility Superior performance DSP offers the only viable options if the data is in digital form.

    Disadvantages
    Speed and cost Design time Finite wordlenght problems

    Application Areas
    Image processing
    Pattern recognition Robotic vision Image enhancement Facsimile Satellite weather map Animation

    Instrumentation/control
    Spectrum analysis Position and rate control Noise reduction Data compression

    Speech and Audio


    Speech recognition Speech synthesis Text to speech Digital audio Equalization

    Military
    Secure communication Radar processing Sonar processing Missile guidance

    Telecommunication
    Echo cancellation Adaptive equalization ADPCM transcoders Spread spectrum Video conferencing Data communication

    Biomedical
    Patient monitoring Scanner EEG brain mappers ECG analysis X-ray storage/enhancement

    Key DSP operation


    Convolution Correlation
    Cross correlation function Autocorrelation functions

    Filtering Discrete transform

    Modulation
    The Process of modulation often involves varying property of a high frequency signal, known as the carrier, in sympathy with the signal we wish to transmit or store, called the modulating signal. The three most commonly used digital modulation schemes.
    ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) PSK (Phase Shift Keying) FSK (Frequency Shift keying) When digital data is transmitted over all digital network, PCM (pulse code modulation is commonly used.

    Overview of real-time signal processing


    Typical real time signal processing

    Figure 1. Block diagram of a real time DSP

    Analog-to-digital conversion process


    Sampling Quantizing Encoding

    Sampling
    Converting the analogue signal into discrete-time continuous analog signal. Sampling theorem
    Fs2 f(max)
    FS=sampling frequency f(max)=highest frequency component in a signal

    Quantizing Giving off values of the sampled signal

    Encoding The discrete amplitude levels are represented by the distinct binary words.

    Quantization and encoding


    For ADC with B binary digits the number of quantization levels is 2B and the interval between the levels, that is the quantization step size, q. q=Vfs/(2B-1) q=2A/2B Where: Vfs=full scale voltage A= amplitude B=number of bits The quantization noise power, Pq, or variance, , is given by Pq=2=q2/12 The signal-to-quantization noise power ratio (SQNR), in decibels, is SQNR=6.02B+1.76

    Digital-to-analog conversion process: signal recovery


    The digital-to-analog conversion process is employed to convert the digital signal into analogue form after it has been digitally processed, transmitted and stored.

    Figure 2. Block diagram of the DAC

    Digital signal processors


    Built-in hardware multiplier (s) to allow fast multiplications. Separate busses/memories for program and data which permits an overlap of instruction fetch and execution (Harvard architecture). Cycle-saving instructions for branching or looping. Very fast raw speed. Use pipelining which reduces instruction time and increase speed.

    Constraints of real time signal processing


    Limited number of bits High resolution ADC and DAC are in general slow. The ADC and DAC are subject to a variety of other errors includes
    Temperature effects non linearities

    Constraints of real time signal processing Image frequencies Aliasing errors Reduces high frequency components of a signal Anti-aliasing filter errors Sample and hold errors Newer devices exploit the advantages of multirate techniques.

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