Air-Conditioning System 1 (2024)

Air-conditioning
System
Eng / Mohamed Sayed Kamal
Air-conditioning
System
• The air-conditioning system in a car works by
manipulating refrigerant between a liquid and a
gaseous state. As the refrigerant changes states.
• It absorbs heat and humidity from the vehicle and
allows the system to give off cool, dry air.
• To change the refrigerant between a liquid and a
gaseous state, the air-conditioning system works to

air-conditioning system layout
control pressure and temperature.
Air-conditioning
System Components
 Automotive air-conditioning systems have
a few key components. Listed below are
the main parts :
1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Receiver Drier
4. Pressure Safety Switch
5. Expansion Valve
6. Evaporator
7. Blower Motor
8. Cooling Fan
9. Pipes
AC-Compressor
• Power unit of the system that separates

the low-pressure side from the high-
pressure side
• Takes in low-pressure gas and compresses

it into high-temperature/high-pressure gas
• Mounted to front of engine and driven by

serpentine belt
Condenser
• Reduces temperature of refrigerant while

it maintains high pressure
• Refrigerant changes from gaseous state to

liquid state as it cools
• Similar to the engine radiator, it uses

forced air (fan or vehicle movement) to
transfer heat
• Mounted in front of vehicle, behind grill

Receiver Drier
• Removes water from the

refrigerant using a desiccant (drying
agent)
• Has some system-filtering

properties
• Mounted on high-pressure side of

system, between condenser and
metering device
Evaporator
• Refrigerant changes back to gaseous state in

the evaporator, causing a cooling effect
• Cabin air is cooled and dried as it blows across

the evaporator
• Only component mounted inside passenger

compartment, behind dashboard
Expansion Valve
• The expansion valve is a major component of

the car AC system. An expansion
valve manages how much refrigerant liquid
goes through the air conditioning system. It is
one of the major parts of a car's AC system.
When there is excess refrigerant, the
evaporator's core gets cold and freezes.
AC Pressure Switch
Safety
• The AC pressure switch serves as a safety

switch that is mounted both on the high and
low sides of the ac system. Both the high-side
and low-side pressure switches are used to
monitor the system for pressure defects that
could harm the compressor.
Refrigerant
 A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the

refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems
and heat pumps where in most cases they
undergo a repeated phase transition from a
liquid to a gas and back again.
 Refrigerant Types:
 R12
 R-134a
 R-1234yf
Compressor
• The compressor is the heart of the air conditioning system. Much
like a real heart, it pumps the “blood” (refrigerant) through each
of the other components and ensures it continues circulating. It
is driven by a belt and pulley system attached to the engine
crankshaft.
• It is one of the two moving parts in the system aside from a TX
valve. This means a compressor is more susceptible to wear and
tear or failure than static parts. If it has failed, it will need to be
replaced as it can damage other components in the system.

Compressor Main
Components
1. Clutch coil
2. Pulley
3. Pistons (Scrolls)
4. Compressor Shaft
5. Valves
6. Inlet Port
7. Outlet Port
Swash Plate Type (Fixed Displacement)
Swash Plate Type (Fixed Displacement)
Two Way
Swash Plate Type (Variable Displacement)
One-Way Swash Plate Externally Controlled Type
Scroll Type
Compressor How It
Works
• The air conditioner’s compressor works by
compressing refrigerant vapor, which increases
its pressure and turns it into a hot gas.
• The required amount of refrigerant gas is sucked

in and compressed by changing the pressure
balance within the compressor. The swash plate
angle can be adjusted, which forces the piston to
make larger or smaller strokes. This enables
stable temperature control and improved driving
feeling.
Hydraulic Control Valve
 A control valve senses the intake pressure of

the refrigerant gas, which varies with the
temperature in the vehicle's cabin, to maintain
an optimum compressor displacement. This
system makes possible a smoother driving
experience as well as comfortable temperature
control.
Electric Control Valve
• This type of compressor sends an electronic

signal originating outside the compressor to
the control valve to make possible precise
voluntary control so that the compressor
can operate at optimum displacement. This
system allows significant energy savings.
References
 https://www.toyota-industries.com/products/relation/compressor_kind_1/
 https://www.ariazone.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Automotive-air-conditioning-training-ma
nual.pdf

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Air-conditioning

manipulating refrigerant between a liquid and a

gaseous state. As the refrigerant changes states.

• It absorbs heat and humidity from the vehicle and

allows the system to give off cool, dry air.

• To change the refrigerant between a liquid and a

gaseous state, the air-conditioning system works to

• Power unit of the system that separates

• Takes in low-pressure gas and compresses

• Mounted to front of engine and driven by

• Reduces temperature of refrigerant while

• Refrigerant changes from gaseous state to

• Similar to the engine radiator, it uses

• Mounted in front of vehicle, behind grill

• Removes water from the

• Has some system-filtering

• Mounted on high-pressure side of

• Refrigerant changes back to gaseous state in

• Cabin air is cooled and dried as it blows across

• Only component mounted inside passenger

• The expansion valve is a major component of

• The AC pressure switch serves as a safety

 A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the

like a real heart, it pumps the “blood” (refrigerant) through each

of the other components and ensures it continues circulating. It

is driven by a belt and pulley system attached to the engine

• It is one of the two moving parts in the system aside from a TX

valve. This means a compressor is more susceptible to wear and

tear or failure than static parts. If it has failed, it will need to be

replaced as it can damage other components in the system.

• The required amount of refrigerant gas is sucked

 A control valve senses the intake pressure of

• This type of compressor sends an electronic

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