Eapp Lesson 2

LESSON 2
GOAL:
•Use Knowledge of Text Structure

to Glean for Information he / she
needs
• What do you find easy about academic
writing?
• What is difficult about it?
• Have you seen a house that doesn’t look like
one ?
• Poorly structured things can confuse you by
their appearance alone.
• Like buildings with commanding
stature, your academic texts
must be properly fashioned to
be credible and convincing to
your professional readers.
Academic texts are formal
written materials that provides
information and/or professional
opinion related to specific
discipline or profession. Compare
the two paragraphs next slide.
Identify which one you think is
academic?
“Relationships and exchange flows between transnational family
members are heavily reliant on digital technology, telecommunications and air
travel. Migrants’ capacity to instantaneously communicate with distant family
members by text messaging, mobile phone conversations, skyping and
assorted forms of social media have been axiomatic to the initiation,
maintenance and expansion of transnational family exchange.” (Bryceson.
2019)
“My mother came from a small sugarcane plantation city in

Victorias, Negros Occidental, in an obscure road town called Daan
Banwa. She now lives in a concrete-paved upscale Canadian suburb
with manicured lawns and an SUV in every driveway.” (Benzidane,
2008)
• Academic texts are written for
professional audience or persons
specializing in a specific field.
• You can sense the formality in their tone

because they express thought on a
serious subject matter using complex
sentences, and technical and academic
language.
• In contrast, non-academic texts are

written with friends, family, and general
readers as target audience.
• You can sense the informality in
the tone because the content is
conversational and is expressed
using simple and compound
sentences joined by conjunctions
like ‘and’ and ‘but’.
• You have six general classifications of
academic texts to cover in this subject.
Each is used for different purposes; thus,
each has unique content and structure.
Essay is generally the proforma for all

analytical compositions. However, not all
essays are academic. Only those that are
written for professional audience and
exhibit formal tone in subject matter,
sentence structure, and language can be
considered academic.
Concept paper defines an idea or a
concept and clarifies its ‘whatness’;
thus, its most prominent structure is
the use of definition.
Reaction paper is generally an

informed and insightful perspective on
art, popular culture, and a technical
topic.
Position paper asserts an argument.

Report retells data, incident, or event.
Research are a highly formal kind of

reports.
The Structure of Essays, Concept paper, and
Reaction
Introductions
 the opening paragraph(s) aims to make
a good impression on readers.
Body
 composed of several paragraphs that
cohesively discuss the thesis.
your means to lead your readers, so they
can make sense of your composition.
Body
one paragraph should deal with only one
main topic.
Sentence that has the main topic is

called the key or topic sentence.
Body
In order to maintain the appearance of
“continuous, coherent and integrated
whole,”
you may link one paragraph to the next
using these transitional expressions:
• “Another essential feature of ...,”
• “While it can be argued that ..., it is also true
that ...,”
• ” However, many critics disagree with this ...,”
• “To counter this argument, ...,”
Conclusion
Lastly, you need to bring the writeup to an
emphatic conclusion and leave the impression
that the topic has been relevantly and thoroughly
dealt with.
Some appropriate words or phrases that you can
use to signal this include,
“Finally, ...,” “As I have argued, ...,”“As I have
shown, ...,” “Therefore, ...,” “The bulk of the
evidence, then, points to ...,” “However, as I have
shown, ...,” and “Based on this evidence, ....”
Conclusion
Summarizing is an important element of
conclusion.
You should not repeat what you said in the

body.
Structure Essay
-Present the problem -May give an overview

Introduction -Mention the
or case in an about what you will do
thesis.
interesting way. in the body.
-Use several paragraphs to -As a suggestion, keep the

Body prove your case or key sentence at the
examine the points; each beginning of the
covers a topic at a time. paragraph.
Conclusion -Round off the essay

appropriately with an -May call for action
empathetic conclusion.
Structure Concept Paper
Introduction -Presentthe -Define

the
concept. concept.
-Expand the definition by using -Analyticdescription

Body analogy, comparison,
examples, semantic origin,
of the aspects of the
etymology and functions. concept.
Conclusion
-Same as essay
Reaction Paper/Response
Structure
Paper
-Identify the work or

Introduction art and its creator, or -Providecondensed
the practice or and factual details.
others.
-Indicate whether or
Body -Evaluate the not you would -Prove
-Same as
merit of recommend your
essay. the work to others,
the work. stance
and why.
Conclusion
-Same as essay
The Structure of Position Paper,
Report and Research Paper

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LESSON 2

•Use Knowledge of Text Structure

“My mother came from a small sugarcane plantation city in

• You can sense the formality in their tone

• In contrast, non-academic texts are

Essay is generally the proforma for all

Reaction paper is generally an

Position paper asserts an argument.

Research are a highly formal kind of

Sentence that has the main topic is

You should not repeat what you said in the

-Present the problem -May give an overview

-Use several paragraphs to -As a suggestion, keep the

Conclusion -Round off the essay

Introduction -Presentthe -Define

-Expand the definition by using -Analyticdescription

-Identify the work or

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