IGC 1 : ELEMENT 4

‫التخطيط‬

1
‫المهدد‬: Anything with the potential to cause harm;
•‫فيزيائى‬: Fire, Explosions, Radiation, Pressure, Vibration,
Noise, Climate, Transport, Electricity, Machinery,
Potential Energy (stepping, lifting & handling)… etc
•‫بيولوجى‬: Bacteria, Virus, Parasites, Fungi, Wild
animals… etc
•‫نفسى‬: Stress, Bullying & Harassment… etc
•‫ كيميائى‬,
• Ergonomics, Natural Phenomena, Terrorism… etc

2
‫الخطر‬: The combination of the likelihood of an incident to happen
and the severity of the consequences of such an incident.

‫الحادث‬: Unplanned, unwanted event that results in loss; Human,

Information, Assets, Money, Time… etc.

‫ حادث وشيك‬: Unplanned, unwanted event that under slightly

different conditions could have resulted in loss.

‫المواقف الخطرة‬: something happens which does not result in a

reportable injury, but which clearly could have done [refer to
RIDDOR & discuss].

3
 LEGAL REQUIREMENT
• It is worth noting that risk
assessments are the first piece of
'evidence' sought in the event of an
accident investigation. ‫مستند قانونى‬
• Many prosecutions been made on the
basis that a risk assessment has
been not been made or has been
insufficient. ‫عدم طريقة مالئمة تقييم المخاطر‬
 It's a Legal Requirement to have
written, updated, sufficient & suitable
Risk Assessments for all work
activities; routine & non routine.
‫متطلب قانونى ان يكون هنا تقييم مخاطر حديث كافى‬
‫مناسب للمخاطر‬

4
 SUITABLE & SUFFICIENT
‫تقييم مخاطر كافى و مناسب‬
• All aspects of work activity to be
considered; Routine and Non Routine
operations.‫يشمل جميع نواحى العمل تقليدى او غير‬
‫تقليدى‬
RISK
• Identify significant hazards and risks & NT
ASSESSME
evaluate the risks. ‫تعريف بجميع المهددات‬
• Identify control measures in place and
planned / prevention and mitigation.
• Consider risks to public. ‫راعى المخاطر على‬
‫العامة من الناس‬
• Ensure the risk assessment is regularly
reviewed. ‫تاكد من مراجعة تقييم المخاطر باستمرار‬

5
 WHO SHOULD DO IT?!
• Team with experience and training
in hazard identification and risk
assessment.
‫فريق عمل لتقييم المخاطر‬
• Knowledge of the process or
activity.
‫المعرفة لنوع العملية او النشاط‬
• Good communication and
reporting skills.
‫مهارات تواصل و ابالغ‬
• Ability to interpret legislation and
guidance.
‫القدرة على استنباط القوانين‬
• Managerial influence to implement
change.
‫تاثير االدارة لتطبيق التغيير‬

6
• Qualitative Risk Assessments:
‫تقييم مخاطر وصفى‬
where a judgment is made as to whether the risk level
is high, medium or low in the terms of the risk of
somebody being injured.

• Quantitative & Semi-quantitative Risk

Assessments:
‫تقييم مخاطر كمى او نصف كمى‬
attempts to quantify the risk level in terms of numerical
values of the likelihood & the severity of an incident,
resulting in risk ranking.

7
 5 SIMPLE STEPS TO DO
RISK ASSESSMENT
‫خطوات تقييم المخاطر الخمسة‬
1. Look for the hazard ‫تعريف بالمهددات ببيئة العمل‬
2. Decide WHO might be harmed and how
‫من سيصاب و كيف‬
3. Evaluate / Estimate the RISK and decide
whether existing precautions are adequate or
more action should be done
‫تقييم و تقدير الخطر ووضع الحلول للتحكم والسيطرة‬
4. Record your findings ‫التسجيل بسجل تقييم المخاطر‬
5. Review your assessment and revise it if
necessary ‫مراجعة تقييم المخاطر‬

8
1] LOOK FOR THE HAZARDS
‫تعريف المهددات ببيئة العمل‬
– OHS Inspection Checklist ‫التفتيش‬
– Close Observation of tasks ‫المالحظة‬
– Accident, ill health or near miss
data.‫الحوادث الوشيكة و اعتالل الصحة‬
– Job safety analysis. ‫تحليل مخاكر وظيفية‬
– Legal standards.‫المتطلبات القانونية‬
– Guidance; ILO, OSHA, ISO,
HSE... etc. ‫االرشادات و الكتيبات‬
– Consultation & Internet search.
– ‫االستشارات‬

9
2] WHO MIGHT BE HARMED?!
‫من سيصاب و كيف‬

• All Employees
• Visitors & Public
• Contractors
• Cleaning & Catering Staff
• Trainees & Vulnerable
groups

10
3] RISK EVALUATION
‫تقييم الخطر ووضع الحلول و السيطرة‬
A] Probability or Likelihood of Harm Occurring

1 Highly Unlikely

2 Reasonably Likely

3 Even Chance

4 Highly Likely

5 Almost Certain

11
B] Consequences or Severity of Harm
1 Minor Injury: Cuts and abrasions, minor skin or eye
irritations, etc.
2 Injury requiring first aid: Any injury that requires first aid.

3 Injury or industrial disease requiring medical treatment: Deep

wounds, fractures, scalds, burns, eye injuries, respiratory
infections, temporary blindness or hearing loss, etc.

4 Serious injury or long term medical effects (industrial

disease): Loss of fingers, toes, damage to eyes, serious
medical effects.
5 Major Injury or Fatality: Loss of limbs, sight, hearing,
long term illness or death.

12
Table of Risk Rating

13
 HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
‫تسلسل حلول التحكم والسيطرة‬
• Elimination; get rid of the hazard altogether
– if possible.
• Substitution; replace a hazard with
something less hazardous e.g. lead free flux.
• Engineering controls / Isolation; Machine
guarding, Sound proof control rooms… etc.
• Administrative controls; Job rotation,
Training, Work Instructions, Supervision,
Information, Safe System of Work,
Emergency preparedness, Signs, Good
House keeping
• Personal Protective Equipment; last line of
defense.
• discipline

14
4] RECORD RISK ASSESSMENTS
‫التسجيل بسجل تقييم المخاطر‬

WHY?
• Accident Investigation.
• Future reference.
• Audits.
• Duty of care / Legal
IEW S ? !
requirements. T O
V
RE ENT
E N E S SM
H S
5] W S K A S
RI

15
5] Review Risk Assessments in case of:
‫مراجعة تقييم المخاطر‬

• Accidents, Near misses or Emergencies.

• Periodically & If It is no longer valid.
• Change in legal requirements.
• After Audits.
• New Activities / equipment / personnel.
• New info available / New technologies.

16
 GROUP ACTIVITY
DISCUSS SPECIAL CASES OF RISK
ASSESSMENTS: PREGNANT WOMEN, YOUNG
& DISABLED WORKERS

17
• Special Cases of Risk
Assessments
• Young Workers
• Disabled Workers
• Night Shift Working
• Elderly Employees
• Pregnant/Nursing Females

18
Pregnant/Nursing Females: Need special Risk
Assessment:
•Pregnant women can not deal with manual handling, chemicals,
biohazards, physical risks.
•Require special working conditions; comfortable place of work, rest
rooms, no stress and no lone working, less working hours… etc.
•Employers should give pregnant women a paid leave or find them
a best alternative risk free job till they get back to being capable of
doing their routine job.
•Employers need to consider that pregnant women will be
increasing in size, using toilets more frequently, will have morning
sickness, will have mood swings, get easily irritated and tired… etc.

19
Young Workers: Need special Risk
Assessment:
•More likely to be easily exited & take Risks.
•Lack of experience & Knowledge.
•Affected by peer group pressure.
•Not yet physically fully developed.
•More vulnerable to radiation & carcinogens…
etc.
•They need more training, more supervision &
continuous communication.

20
Disabled Workers: Need special Risk
Assessment:
•Can not respond normally in emergencies &
evacuations.
•Lack ability to access welfare facilities.
•Should be located on ground floors, with
special exits & entrances.
•Need special ergonomics' considerations, in
their work place.
•Need continuous consultation & to be
considered in any Management system
Reviews.

21
Night Shift Working
The factors to be considered when assessing the risks to workers
on the night shift include:
• Hours worked and recovery period between shifts
• Disruption of normal routines-general wellbeing
• Fatigue and human error
• Level of supervision required/contact for lone working
• Access to specialist advice
• Increase risk of violence travelling to/from work
• Emergency arrangements/first aid facilities
• Access to welfare amenities
• Work environment e.g. lighting/ heat etc

22
Elderly Employees: In organizations that hire
very old employees:
•Weaker bones; easily to get broken.
•Weaker eyesight & hearing; affects the perception of depth,
sounds & such.
•Over confidence & Over familiarization with some tasks.
•Using out dated methods to perform tasks can lead to errors.
•Incapable of adapting to new technologies & new theories.
•Lower Immunity; more vulnerable to diseases & heart attacks.
•Weaker physical capabilities; should be eliminated from high risk
tasks.

23
Proposed External Sources of information on OHS:
•National Safety Organizations e.g. IOSH Institution of Occupational Safety & Health
•Professional Consultants and Consultancy bodies e.g. Mirdif Security & Safety
•Workers Unions & Governmental sources of laws & Regulations.
•Suppliers and Manufacturers.
•Internet:
The OSHA website: www.osha.gov
National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health USA: www.cdc.gov/niosh
The IOSH website: www.iosh.co.uk
The British Safety Council website: www.bscawards.org
The ILO website: www.ilo.org
The Health & Safety Executive UK website: www.hse.gov.uk
The European Agency for Safety & Health at Work: http://hwi.osha.europa.eu

Proposed Internal Sources of Information on OHS:

•Policies & Internal Standards
•OHS meeting minutes & recommendations
•Audits/inspections' reports
•Risk Registers & Risk Assessments
•Incidents' records & accidents investigation reports

24