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    Diphtheria Lecture Presentation.

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    Wizz Háķìm Ļêşòw
    Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes skin or other areas. It causes symptoms like sore throat and difficulty breathing. Complications can include heart damage, nerve damage, and breathing problems. Diphtheria is diagnosed through tests and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.

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    Diphtheria Lecture Presentation.

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    Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes skin or other areas. It causes symptoms like sore throat and difficulty breathing. Complications can include heart damage, nerve damage, and breathing problems. Diphtheria is diagnosed through tests and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.

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    Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes skin or other areas. It causes symptoms like sore throat and difficulty breathing. Complications can include heart damage, nerve damage, and breathing problems. Diphtheria is diagnosed through tests and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    30 views20 pages

    Diphtheria Lecture Presentation.

    Uploaded by

    Wizz Háķìm Ļêşòw
    Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection that affects the nose and throat, and sometimes skin or other areas. It causes symptoms like sore throat and difficulty breathing. Complications can include heart damage, nerve damage, and breathing problems. Diphtheria is diagnosed through tests and treated with antitoxin and antibiotics.

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    DIPHTHERIA

    PRESENTED BY
    DR . ABDIRISACK MOKHTAR MOHAMED
    INTRODUCTION

    •  Diphtheria is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly affected nose and


    throat. Less commonly, it can also affect the site symptoms of diphtheria
    include.
    •  high temperature.
    •  sore throat, and breathing difficulties.
    •  Children are mostly effected by diphtheria.
    •  An estimated 5-10% Peoples are effected From diphtheria.
    HISTORY
    • Diphtheria was first described by Hippocrates in the fifth century BC, and throughout
    history diphtheria has been a leading cause of death, primarily among children.
    •  The diphtheria bacterium was first identified in the 1880s by F. Loeffler, and the
    antitoxin against diphtheria was later developed in the 1890s.
    DEFINITION
    • Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium
    diphtheriae . A form of diphtheria that involves the skin, eyes, or genitals also
    exists. .
    ◇Complications
    • may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and
    bleeding problems due to low levels of platelets.
    CAUSES
    • Diphtheria is an infection caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae
    bacterium. Diphtheria is spread (transmitted) from
    person to person, usually through respiratory droplets, like
    from coughing or sneezing
    TYPES OF DIPHTHERIA

    • There are two types of diphtheria.


    • 》 Respiratory diphtheria involves the nose, throat and tonsils,
    • 》 cutaneous diphtheria involves the skin.
    SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

    • Diphtheria signs and symptoms usually begin two to five


    • days after a person becomes infected.
    •  A thick, gray membrane covering your throat and tonsils
    •  A sore throat and hoarseness
    •  Swollen glands (enlarged lymph nodes) in your neck
    •  Difficulty breathing or rapid breathing
    •  Nasal discharge
    •  Fever and chills
    •  Malaise
    TRANSMISSION

    • Person-to-Person Transmission occur through oral or respiratory droplets ,


    close Physical contact .
    COMPLICATIONS FROM DIPHTHERIA

    • Blocking of the airway.


    •  Damage to the heart muscle
    •  Nerve damage
    •  Loss of the ability to move
    •  Lung infection
    HEART DAMAGE
    • The diphtheria toxin may spread through blood stream & damage other
    tissues in your body , such as heart muscle , causing inflammation of
    ( Mayocarditis ).
    •  Its may be slight, showing up as minor
    abnormalities on an ECG ,or severe, leading sudden death.
    NERVE DAMAGE

    • The toxin can also cause nerve damage. Typical targets are Nerves to the
    throat, where poor nerve conduction may cause difficulty swallowing. If
    diphtheria toxin damages the nerves that help control muscles used in
    breathing, these muscles may become paralyzed.
    RENAL

    • The Diphtheria toxin may damage the kidneys, affecting their ability to filter
    wastes from the blood.
    •  This leads to renal failure.
    BREATHING PROBLEMS

    • Diphtheria-causing bacteria may produce a toxin. This toxin damages tissue


    in the immediate area of infection — usually, the nose and throat. At that site,
    the infection produces a tough, gray-colored membrane composed of dead
    cells, bacteria and other substances.
    •  This membrane can obstruct breathing.
    SKIN (CUTANEOUS DIPHTHERIA)

    • Diphtheria can affect the skin, causing the typical pain, redness and swelling
    associated with other bacterial skin infections. Ulcers covered by a gray
    membrane also may evelop in cutaneous diphtheria.
    TESTS & DIAGNOSIS

    • Diphtheria can be dignosed usually by Proper clinical examination , throat


    culture from the infected area and blood tests .
    • - Tests may be include .
    •  Gram stain or Throat culture to identify corynebacterium
    • diphtheria .
    •  ECG .
    PREVANTION

    • Diphtheria is easily prevantedwith the use of a safe & effective vaccine.


    •  Most people receive their first vaccination for the disease as
    childern . This is the DTP vaccine (Diphtheria-tetanus-pretussis)
    TREATMENT
    • Antitoxin :After Doctors conform diphtheria , the infected child receives an
    Antitoxin.The antitoxin, injected into a vine or muscle , neutralizes the
    diphtheria toxin already circulating in the body .
    •  Antibiotics :
    • Diphtheria is also treated with antibiotics , such as penicilline or
    erythromycin.
    • Antibiotic help kill bacteria in the body , clearing up infection .

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