Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 16 views

    English Phonotactic Rules

    Uploaded by

    audreysantana128

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    English Phonotactic Rules

    Uploaded by

    audreysantana128
    16 views16 pages

    Original Title

    EnglishPhonotacticRules

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views16 pages

    English Phonotactic Rules

    Uploaded by

    audreysantana128

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    ENGLISH

    PHONOTACTIC RULES

    Scolastica Wedhowerti
    Syllable
    → a unit of linguistic structure that consists of a
    syllabic element and any segments that are
    associated with it

    * Syllables don’t serve any meaning-signalling


    function in language; they exist only to make
    speech easier for the brain to process.

    * A word consists of at least one syllable.

    *A syllable consists of a central peak of sonority


    (usually a vowel) and the consonants cluster
    around the central peak.
    FOUR SUB-SYLLABIC UNITS

     Nucleus: a syllabic segment that forms


    the core of a syllable.
     Coda: segments that follow the nucleus
    in the same syllabic.
     Rhyme: the nucleus and the coda of a
    syllable in a word.
     Onset: the beginning segments of the
    syllable; the ones preceding the nucleus.
    Parts Description Optionality

    Onset Initial segment of a Optional


    syllable

    Nucleus Central segment of a Obligatory


    syllable

    Coda Closing segment of a Optional


    syllable
    σ

    Onset Rhyme
    (O) (R)

    Nucleus Coda
    (N) (C)

    i n t
    s p r
    Phonotactics is the set of constraints on how
    sequences of segment pattern. There are rules on the
    number and type of segments that can combine to
    form syllables and words which vary greatly from one
    language to language.

    * Arabic, every syllable must have an onset;


    * Hawaiian, no codas are allowed
    * English, onsets and codas are allowed

    Each language has some restrictions on the permissible


    contents of slots in a syllable structure (known as
    phonotactic constraints).
    Initial consonant clusters in English
    containing a voiceless stop.

    Labial + sonorant Coronal + sonorant Velar + sonorant

    [pl] please [tl] ____ [kl] clean


    [pr] proud [tr] trade [kr] cream
    [pw] __ [tw] twin [kw] queen
    [pj] pure [tj] tune [kj] cute
    [spl] split [stl] ____ [skl] sclerosis
    [spr] spring [str] strip [skr] scrap
    [spw] ___ [stw] ___ [skw] squeak
    [spj] spew [stj] stew [skj] skewer
     (l)
     p r
    σ t Nucleus
    [s
     (w)
     k j
     Accidental Gaps: gaps in a language’s
    inventory of forms that correspond to non-
    ccuring but possible forms.
     Eg. kodak, zen, perestroika
     Systematic Gaps: gaps in the occurring
    syllable structures of a language that result
    from the exclusion of certain sequences.
     Eg. psychology, pterodactyl
    Setting Up Syllables
    1. Link a vowel to an N above it by drawing an
    association line. Then place an R above each N. Above
    each R, place a σ; link all association lines.
    σ σ
    │ │
    R R
    │ │
    N N
    │

    │
    ekstri:m
    2. Link the consonants precede the nucleus
    to an O and join it in the same syllable
    as the vowel to the right.
    σ σ
    │ │

    R R
    │ │
    O
    eN k s N
    t r i: m
    │ │
    3. Link the consonants after the N to a C
    above them. A syllable with a coda is
    called a closed syllable.
    σ σ
    │ │
    R R
    │ │
    N C O N C

    e k s t r i: m
    4. Link the syllables which make up a single
    form to a Wd.
    Wd

    σ σ
    │ │
    R R
    │ │
    N C O N C

    e k s t r i: m
    Liquids and nasals as syllable nuclei

     The English liquids [l, r] and the nasals can be the


    nucleus of the syllables under certain conditions.
    – [r] can be a nucleus as easily as a vowel
     eg. bird, word, her, fur, perceive, surname, mother,
    actor
    – [l] and nasals [m, n] become nucleus when they
    follow an alveolar consonant in the last syllable of
    a word.
     eg. bottle, bottom, button
    Some Phonotactical Rules
     all phonological words must consist of at least one
    syllable, and hence must contain at least one vowel
     sequences of repeated consonants are not possible
     the velar /ŋ/ never occurs in the onset of a syllable
     the glottal fricative /h/ never occurs in the coda of a
    syllable
     the affricates /t / and /d /, and the glottal fricative
    /h/ do not occur in complex onsets
     if the first consonant in a two-consonant onset is not
    an /s/, the second consonant must be a liquid or a
    glide- /l/, /r/, /w/, /j/

    Try these words exclude, splendid,
    understanding

    You might also like