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    Reproductive Biology of Angiosperm

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    Reproductive Biology of Angiosperm

    Uploaded by

    Sarojini
    15 views6 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views6 pages

    Reproductive Biology of Angiosperm

    Uploaded by

    Sarojini

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERM

    Introduction Class
    INTRODUCTION
    • A flower is a modified shoot (stem bearing leaves)
    • In a typical flower the stem portion is condensed to form a compact receptacle called
    thalamus.
    • The thalamus bears whorls of green leaves/appendages (sepals), colored leaves (petals),
    male appendages (stamens), female appendages (carpels)
    • In angiosperms (flowering plants), there are several modes of reproduction. Generally
    they can be arranged into two types, i.e., (i) asexual or vegetative and (ii) sexual types.
    • In asexual or vegetative reproduction, the offsprings are produced from the somatic cells,
    while in sexual reproduction there is fusion of male and female gametes.
    THE FLOWER: A MODIFIED SHOOT
    • Flower is the reproductive part of the plant in which fruits and seeds develop. From
    morphological point of view flower is a highly condensed and modified shoot meant for
    reproduction.
    • In a typical flower there are four types of floral leaves.
    • These are arranged in four whorls.
    • Floral leaves are arranged on the swollen upper parts of flower stalk. The flower stalk is
    called pedicel and the swollen upper part is called Thalamus (=torus).
    The Four Floral Whorls Taken From Periphery To Centre Are As Follows:

    1. Calyx : It is the outermost whorl and floral leaves of this whorl are called sepals. Their function is
    that of protection of inner whorls and also that of photosynthesis when green.
    2. Corolla: It is the second whorl of floral leaves which are called petals. These protect the inner
    two whorls and also function for attraction of insects for pollination. Calyx and corolla are called
    accessory whorls of the flower. . In some plants although two whorls are present but they are
    not differentiated from one another. In such a case both whorls are called perianth and each part
    of the perianth is called tepal.
    3. Androecium: This is third whorl of floral leaves and is the male reproductive organ of the flower.
    Each modified floral leaf is called microsporophyll or stamen.
    4. Gynoecium (=Pistil): This is the last (fourth) central whorl of floral leaves and is the female
    reproductive organ of the flower. Each modified floral leaf is called megasporophyll or carpel.
    Gynoecium is made up of one or more megasporophylls (carpels). Androecium and gynoecium
    are called essential whorls of the flower.
    PARTS OF FLOWER
    • Bracts :-Bracts are specialized leaves from the axil of which flowers arise. If a small leaf
    like structure is present on the pedicel of flower in between the bract and calyx of flower,
    it is called bracteole. The bracts may be of the below given types.
    • Foliaceous (Leafy) bracts: They are leaf-like in appearance e.g. Adhatoda, Gynandropsis.
    • Petaloid bracts: These bracts look like petals (are brightly coloured ) e.g. Bougainvillea
    bracts look like petals of the flower while actual flower is tube like. Poinsettia (Euphorbia
    pulcherrima).
    THANK YOU
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