1

CGPIT

TOPIC: Forest Fire -

case: Bandipur (2019)
Subject: Disaster Management
Department : Computer Engineering Vasu Lad – 202203103520135
Semester : 5th-C Priyanshu Rupapara – 202203103520124
Submitted to : Prof. Palak Trivedi Date of Submission: 11/10/2023
 Outlines 1

• Introduction​
• What Causes Forest Fires?​
• How Do Forest Fires Spread?​
• The Impact of Forest Fires​
• Real Life Example​
 Introduction
• Did you know that every year, millions of acres of forests are
destroyed by wildfires? These natural disasters can have
devastating effects on the environment, wildlife, and human
communities.
• A forest fire, also known as a wildfire or a bushfire depending
on the location, is an uncontrolled and often destructive fire
that spreads rapidly through forests, grasslands, and other
natural vegetation. These fires are a natural part of many
ecosystems and can have both positive and negative
ecological effects

2
Rate of
Forest Fire
in India –
8-months

3
 • Forest fires can be caused by a variety of factors, both
natural and human-made.
• Causes of Natural Forestfire : Lightning,Combution of Dry
Vegetation,Volcanic Activities,Friction of rolling stone
• Lightning strikes are one of the most common natural

What Causes causes of forest fires. When lightning strikes a tree or

other vegetation, it can ignite a fire that can quickly
spread through the surrounding forest.

Forest Fires? • Human activity is another major cause of forest fires.

• Causes of Manmade Forestfire :
Smoking,Candles,Campfires,Tradition
• This can include anything from campfires left unattended
to cigarettes thrown out of car windows.

4
How Do Forest Fires
Spread?
• Ground fires burn mostly in decayed roots
below ground and in the duff layer. The duff
layer is made up of compacted dead plant
materials such as leaves, bark, needles, and
twigs.
• Surface Fire Spread with a flaming front and
burn leaf litter,fallen branches and other fuels
located at ground level.
• Crown Fire burn through the top layer of
foliage on a tree known as a crown fires, the
most difficult to contain,need strong
wind,streep slopes and a heavy fuelload to
continue burning

5
The Impact of Forest Fires
• Forest fires can have a devastating impact on primary
producers, such as plants and trees. These organisms are the
foundation of many food chains.
• Herbivores, such as deer and rabbits, may struggle to find
enough food after a forest fire. Their primary food sources,
such as leaves and grasses, may be destroyed in the fire and
take time to regrow.
• Carnivores, such as wolves and cougars, may also be affected
by forest fires. Their prey may be harder to find after the fire,
and some predators may even be killed in the flames or while
fleeing the area.
• Top predators, such as bears and eagles, may also be impacted
by forest fires. These animals rely on a complex food chain and
any disruption can have far-reaching consequences

6
7
 Forest Fire(Bandipur Tiger Reserve
and National Park, Karnataka)

8
 Overview of Case-study

• Cause Of The Forest Fire(on Behalf Case Study)

• Major Cause Of Fire Burnt In Forest
• LANTANA CAMARA, Two Sheperds
• Other Reason Of Fire Spread
• Extent Of Damage
• Efforts To Control The Fire
• Impact On Wildlife
• Rehabilitation And Future Plans
• What Should Humans Not Do To Prevent Forest Fire ?
• Conclusion And Call To Action

9
 location
• Bandipur Tiger Reserve, located in Karnataka’s District
Chamarajanagar, established in 1974 as a tiger reserve
under the Project Tiger.
• Forest reserve is spread over 87,400 hectares of land is
home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including tigers,
elephants, and leopards.
• On 21st Feb, 2019, some places in Bandipur National Park
was on fire.
• In 23rd February 2019, massive forest fires broke out in
numerous places across the Bandipur National Park.
• On 25th February 2019, it estimated the extent of burnt
area to be about 10,920 acres(4,420 hectares) in the last
five days since 21 February 2019.

10
Report of ISRO

Other reports, however, say that

The massive five-day fire affected satellite data from the Indian Space
about 3,400 hectares of the Research Organisation shows the
reserve. fire may have spread across more
than 4,400 hectares.

11
Cause of fire burnt in forest
• The Bandipur Forest Fire of 2019 was caused by a combination of factors,
including dry weather conditions, human encroachment, and negligence.
• Unlike in previous years, this is the first time the wildfire in Bandipur flared up
earlier due to the sudden climatic change and rapid growth of dry grass and
Lantana Camara.
• Also the two accused, are shepherds in the Bandipur reserve area. Fearing
attacks on their cattle by tigers in Bandipur, they had lit the fire on February 22,
leading to large-scale fire, destroying thousands of acres of forest cover.

12
Major cause of fire burnt in forest(LANTANA
CAMARA)
• Lanata Camara is a native weed of south America.
• It is used as a decorative weed in forest, national park, animal reserve places etc.
• The problem is here is that where these weeds are picked they have inhibited the growth of the
native plants of that site.
• also it doesn’t require any suitable environment to grow.
• According to forest officials, a weed called Lanata camara is spread over a wide range in the
forest. Therefore, the fire from this weed has spread to the forest area

13
Major cause of fire burnt
in forest(shepherds)
• The two men, Hanumanthaiah and
Gopalaiah allegedly began the fire to
chase away a tiger which was spotted in
the area a few days ago.
• They were afraid of tigers for their cattle
that tigers would eat their cattle so they
set fire to the grass.

14
 • No Fundamental fire lines: Fire lines are
spaces in the forest where there is no
Other vegetation or anything combustible, and they
prevent the spread of forest fires. In Bandipur,
long stretches of forest lacked such lines.
Reason of • Lack of improved Technology: Due to financial
mismanagement and lack of technological
fire spread advancements, water tankers and pump
blowers are not purchased and age-old
machinery continues to be utilized.

15
Extent of Damage
• The 2019 forest fire in Bandipur National Park caused significant damage to the flora and fauna of the region.
Over 15,000 acres of forest land were destroyed in the fire, affecting the habitat of numerous species of
animals and birds.
• Over 10,000 acres of forest land were destroyed in the fire.
• The park is home to several other large mammals like elephants, gaurs, sloth bears, antelopes, jackals,
dholes and Indian rock pythons, some of which are endangered, about 250 species of birds and an immense
range of vegetation. and cause of the fire in the forest, all those animals and birds lost their habitat
• The fire on the ground destroys organic matter such as dry leaf, dry wood and grass which is necessary to
maintain the maximum level of humus in the soil.
• Several houses ands in nearby villages were also destroyed.
16
 • Firefighting Teams:firefighting Teams Were Deployed
From Various Parts Of The State To Control The Fire.
The Forest Department Of Karnataka Deployed A Total
Of 1,500 Personnel, Including Firefighters, Forest
Guards, And Volunteers To Control The Fire.

Govt Steps • Aerial Support:the Forest Department Collaborated

With The Indian Air Force And The National Disaster

After Forest
Response Force (Ndrf) To Bring The Fire Under Control.
The IAF Deployed MI-17 Indian Air Force Helicopters To
Drop Water On The Fire On February 21, While The

Fire NDRF Provided Additional Manpower And Equipment.

• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uavs) Were Used To Survey
The Extent Of The Fire And Identify Hotspots. This
Helped In Directing Firefighting Resources To The Most
Critical Areas.
• The Country’s Forest Policy Encourages A Zero Forest
Fire Approach For It’s Protected Landscapes.

18
 • Impact on Endangered Species: The forest fire had a
particularly severe impact on the endangered species that

Impact
called Bandipur their home. The Nilgiri Tahr, which is a
species of mountain goat found only in the Western Ghats,
was one of the most affected by the fire.
• Efforts to Rescue Wildlife: Efforts were made by the forest

on
department to rescue and rehabilitate the animals affected
by the fire. Search and rescue teams were deployed to locate
animals in need of help, and veterinary teams were brought
in to provide medical care to injured animals. Many animals
were relocated to other areas to ensure their safety.

Wildlife • Long-Term Impact:The Bandipur forest fire was a significant

setback for the wildlife in the region, and its impact will be
felt for many years to come. The loss of habitat and the
decline in the population of endangered species will have
long-term consequences for the ecosystem of the region.

19
 • Do not leave your campfire unattended. Before sleeping or
leaving the campsite, it is important that you put the fire out
completely.
• Be aware of your environment and alert local authorities

What should at the very moment when you see fire or smoke.
• Be careful, and avoid spilling flammable liquid in the
Humans not do forest. Always store your flammable liquids separately.
• Always check local regulations and any restrictions
to prevent regarding fire. If it says that there is a ban on fire, do not
light one.

forest fire ? • If you are a smoker, you need to ensure that your
cigarette bud is completely off.
• Carry paper maps, and learn how to read one. Always
inform your relatives and friends regarding your
whereabouts.

20
Conclusion and To stop destructive forest fires,
environmental awareness must be given

call to action priority, and action must be taken right away.

We can save our priceless woods by putting

policies into place including building
firebreaks, carrying out controlled burns, and
advocating sustainable land management
techniques.

Develop thorough fire prevention strategies

with local communities, governments, and
organizations to secure a greener future for
everyone.

21
 References
• https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/bandipur-forest-fir
e-bandipur-national-park-fire-news-tiger-reserve-nandi-hills-fores
t-fire-in-karnataka-yercaud-fire-accident-wayanad-wildlife/372425
• https://scroll.in/article/915541/huge-blaze-in-bandipur-tiger-rese
rve-was-result-of-bad-fire-management-policies-say-researchers
• https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/wh
y-are-fires-frequent-at-the-bandipur-reserve/article26419280.ece
• https://www.wikiwand.com/en/2019_Bandipur_forest_fires
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/things-to-do/bandipur
-forest-fire-how-to-avoid-human-error-in-the-future/articleshow/
68186235.cms

22