Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    yaswanthvisa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    yaswanthvisa
    8 views52 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views52 pages

    Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    yaswanthvisa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 52

    U23CC381- MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

    COURSE INSTRUCTOR : Mrs.N.BANUPRIYA, AP(Sl.G)/ CCE


    U23CC381- MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

    Course Objectives
    1. Gain proficiency in 8085 assembly language programming.

    2. Understand 8051 microcontroller hardware concepts.

    3. Familiarize with interfacing techniques for 8051 on-chip


    peripherals using C programming.

    4. Learn methods to integrate microcontrollers with real-time


    applications.

    5. Develop skills in designing embedded systems using various


    embedded boards.
    2
    Course Outcome
    Upon completion of the course, students shall have ability to

    CO1: Apply proficiency in 8085 architecture to implement


    assembly language programs.

    CO2: Apply knowledge of 8051 microcontroller hardware

    CO3: Explore interfacing techniques in 8051 on-chip


    peripherals using C programming.

    CO4: Apply interfacing techniques to integrate


    microcontrollers with real-time applications.

    CO5: Design an embedded system for real-world applications


    using various embedded boards
    3
    PROJECTS

    There are several websites where you can find simple and innovative projects
    implemented using 8051 and Arduino microcontrollers. Few popular ones:

    Instructables: Visit: Instructables - Arduino Projects

    Hackster.io: Visit: Hackster.io - Arduino Projects | Hackster.io - 8051 Projects

    Arduino Project Hub: Visit: Arduino Project Hub

    Electronics Hub: Visit: Electronics Hub - 8051 Projects

    Circuit Digest: Visit: Circuit Digest - Arduino Projects | 8051 Projects

    4
    Unit-I: Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor

    RISC and CISC processors; 8085 Architecture: Pin

    description; interrupt processing; operand addressing;

    assembler directives; instruction set (commonly used

    instructions only)
    MICRO+PROCESSOR

    Vacuum Tubes-1st
    Generation Computers
    MICRO+PROCESSOR
    MICRO+PROCESSOR
    Which one of these need a processor now?
    What is a Microprocessor ? A microprocessor is a tiny electronic chip(IC) that acts
    as the brain of a computer. It helps the computer to think, solve problems, and do
    tasks quickly

    What is an IC?

    • With a complex digital circuit comprising of adders, registers, etc

    • Capable of processing given Data, according to the Instructions given


    (program)
    July 23, 2024 10
    A simple Microprocessor based system:

    July 23, 2024 11


    8085 can process 8 bits (2^8 = 0–255) of data in one clock cycle

    Then came Pentium 5, i3, i5 and i7, i9…

    July 23, 2024 12


    The speed at which a microprocessor can execute the
    instructions is called the clock speed.

    Then came Pentium 5, i3, i5 and i7, i9…


    July 23, 2024 13
    Intel 8085

    July 23, 2024 14


    Intel 8085
    Features of Intel 8085:

    • 40-pin DIP chip


    • 8-bit data and 16-bit address bus
    • With 16-bit address,
    8085 can access 216 = 65536 = 64KB memory locations
    • 8-bit Flag register with 5 flags
    • Operates with power supply of +5 volts and Gnd
    • Max Clock frequency is 12 MHz

    July 23, 2024 15


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 16


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 17


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 18


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 19


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 20


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 21


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 22


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 23


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 24


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 25


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 26


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 27


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram: INTERRUPTS IN 8085

    July 23, 2024 28


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram: INTERRUPTS IN 8085

    July 23, 2024 29


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 30


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 31


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 32


    Intel 8085
    Pin Diagram:

    July 23, 2024 33


    Intel 8085
    Architecture:

    July 23, 2024 34


    Intel 8085
    Register Organization:

    July 23, 2024 35


    Intel 8085
    Flag register:

    July 23, 2024 36


    An Introduction to Microprocessor

    Interrupt:
    It is a signal that stops the execution of current program in microprocessor
    and transfers the program control to a sub-program (ISR) related to
    interrupted device.

    July 23, 2024 37


    An Introduction to Microprocessor

    Interrupt:

    Priority
    Hardware Interrupts:
    1. TRAP
    2. RST 7.5
    3. RST 6.5
    4. RST 5.5
    5. INTR

    Software Interrupts:
    1. RST n (n = 0 ~ 7)

    July 23, 2024 38


    Intel 8085
    Instruction format:

    • The 8085 has 74 instructions and 246 combinations in it.


    • 8085 instructions size is 1 byte, 2 bytes and 3 three bytes.
    • Each instruction of 8085 has 1 byte opcode.

    July 23, 2024 39


    Intel 8085
    Addressing Modes:
    Every instruction of a program operates on a data.
    The method of specifying the data to be operated by the instruction
    is called Addressing.

    The 8085 has the following 5 different types of addressing.

    1. Immediate Addressing Eg. ADI 15H

    2. Direct Addressing Eg. LDA 4200H


    3. Register Addressing Eg. MOV A, B
    4. Register Indirect Addressing Eg. LDAX B, MOV A,M (LXI H, 4200)
    5. Implied Addressing Eg. CMA

    July 23, 2024 40


    Intel 8085
    Instruction set:
    Data Transfer Arithmetic Logical Branching Machine control

    MOV Rs, Rd ANA Rs


    MOV M, Rs ADD Rs ANA M
    MOV Rd, M ADD M ANI d8
    MVI Rd, d8 ADI d8
    MVI M, d8 ADC Rs ORA Rs
    ADC M ORA M
    LDA a16 ACI d8 ORI d8 JMP a16
    LDAX rp J<cond> a16
    LHLD a16 EI
    SUB Rs XRA Rs DI
    LXI rp, d16 XRA M
    SUB M CALL a16
    STA a16 SUI d8 XRI d8
    C <cond> a16 SIM
    STAX rp SBB Rs
    CMP Rs RET RIM
    SHLD a16 SBB M
    SBI d8 CMP M RETI
    SPHL CPI d8 NOP
    XTHL
    XCHG INR Rs RAL PCHL HLT
    INR M RLC RST n
    PUSH rp INX rp
    PUSH PSW RAR
    POP rp RRC
    POP PSW DCR Rs
    DCR M CMA
    IN a8 DCX rp CMC
    OUT a8 STC

    21 20 19 8 6

    July 23, 2024 41


    Intel 8085
    Machine Cycles and Timing Diagram:
    The machine cycles are the basic operations performed by the processor,
    while instructions are executed.

    The time taken for performing each machine cycle is expressed


    in terms of T-states.

    One T-state is the time period of one clock cycle of the microprocessor.

    The various machine cycles are


    1. Opcode fetch …………….. - 4 / 6 T
    2. Memory Read ……………. - 3 T
    3. Memory Write ……………. - 3 T
    4. I/O Read ………………….. - 3T
    5. I/O Write …………………. - 3T
    6. Interrupt Acknowledge - 6 / 12 T
    7. Bus Idle …………………… - 2/3T
    July 23, 2024 42
    Intel 8085
    Instruction Execution & Machine Cylces:

    July 23, 2024 43


    Programming Intel
    8085

    July 23, 2024 44


    Intel 8085 - Programming

    Steps in Programming for a Microprocessor

    • Understand the problem


    • Device an algorithm for the given problem
    • Identify the instructions that suits for the steps in algorithm
    • Validate the program
    • Verify the results

    July 23, 2024 45


    Intel 8085 – Programming

    8085 – Programming Exercise #1


    Write an ALP for 8085 to multiply two 8-bit numbers.
    Assume two 8-bit data are in memory locations 4200 & 4201.

    LOGIC:

    • There is no direct multiplication instruction in 8085.


    So, Multiplication is done through repeated addition.
    Example: 3 x 2 = (3 + 3) or (2+2+2)
    • Take two 8-bit numbers from memory and store it in 2 registers (B & C).
    • Clear Acc and start adding first number for second number of times
    • Store the result (in Acc) in another memory location (4202)

    July 23, 2024 46


    Intel 8085 & 8086 - Programming :
    Write an ALP for 8085 to multiply two 8-bit numbers.

    LDA 4200
    MOV B, A

    LDA 4201
    MOV C, A

    MVI A, 00

    ADD B (Loop)

    DCR C

    JNZ Loop

    STA 4202

    HLT

    July 23, 2024 47


    Intel 8085 - Programming #2:

    Write an ALP for 8085 to divide two 8-bit numbers.


    Assume Divisor and Dividend (8-bit data) are in memory locations 4200 & 4201.

    LOGIC:

    • There is no direct division instruction in 8085.


    • So, Division is done through repeated Subtraction
    Example: 10/3= 10-3-3-3 = 1 (remainder)
    • Take two 8-bit numbers from memory and store it in 2 registers (A & B).
    • Clear C Register and start comparing Divisor with Dividend
    • Whenever Divisor is bigger, Subtract dividend from Divisor and Increment C
    • Store the remainder (in Acc) in memory location (4202)
    • Store the quotient (in C reg) in memory location (4203)

    July 23, 2024 48


    Intel 8085 - Programming #2:
    Write an ALP for 8085 to divide two 8-bit numbers.

    MVI C,00

    LDA 4200
    MOV B, A

    LDA 4201

    CMP B (Loop)
    JC (Store)

    SUB B

    INR C
    JMP Loop

    STA 4202 (Store Remainder)

    MOV A, C
    STA 4203 (Store Quotient)
    July 23, 2024 49
    HLT
    Intel 8085 - Programming #3:
    Write an ALP for 8085 to find the largest number in an array.
    Given: Array size (4200H) Array Starting location (4201H)

    July 23, 2024 50


    Thank you
    For your patient listening…

    July 23, 2024 51


    Assessment ….

    https://forms.gle/jq1rDjLPTHNPzqMc7

    July 23, 2024 52

    You might also like