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UNDERSTANDING THE NORMAL CURVE
DISTRIBUTION Discussion Points Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
The curve is symmetrical about its center. The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution. Discussion Points Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution
The tails of the curve flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it
represents the probability or proportion or the percentage associated with specific sets of measurement values. Discussion Points The Area Under the Normal Curve Discussion Points The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table. The z- score is a measure of relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting X– (or μ) from the measurement X and then dividing the result by s (or σ). The final result, the z-score, represents the distance between a given measurement X and the mean, expressed in standard deviations. Discussion Points Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z-Value
• Step 1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.
• Step 2. Using the z-Table,find the first two digits on the left column. • Step 3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right. • Step 4. Read the area (orprobability) at the intersection of the row and the column. This is the required area. Example Find the area that corresponds to z = 1. Example 2 Find the area that corresponds to z = –2.58. Solution 1. Find the Row z=2.5. 2. Find the Column with the heading 0.08. 3. Read the area at the intersection of Row 2.5 and Column 0.08. Exercises
Find the corresponding area between z = 0 and
each of the following: 1. z=0.96 2. z=1.74 3. z=2.18 4. z=2.69 5. z=3.00 Summary Properties of the Normal Probability Distribution The distribution curve is bell-shaped. The curve is symmetrical about its center. The mean, the median, and the mode coincide at the center. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line. The area under the curve is 1. Thus, it represents the probability or proportion or the percentage associated with specific sets of measurement values.
