2 - Matter

Matter
 Leucippus and Democritus (Greek

philosophers)
 “Matter was made of building
blocks of particles”
MATTER
MIXTURES
SUBSTANCE
HETEROGENO
HOMOGENOUS ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS
US
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.

What is matter?
 Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.
STATES OF MATTER
Solid Gases
s
Liquid
s
Characteristics of Matter
 Solids
 Solids have definite
shape and definite
volume.
 Solids have mass.
 Solids take up space.
Particles in Solids:
 Are packed tightly
together
 Have very little

energy
 Vibrate in place
Liquids
 Liquids take the
shape of their
container and have
definite volume.
 Liquids have mass.
 Liquids take up
space.
Particles in Liquids:
 Are loosely
packed
 Particles flow
around each other
Gases
 Gases spread out to
fill the entire space
given and do not
have definite
volume.
 Gases have mass.
 Gases take up
space.
 Move freely
 Have LOTS of
energy
MATTER
 Although matter can be classified
into three different states (types) it
can also be described using its
properties.
 PROPERTIES: Characteristics,
features, qualities, or traits.
Properties of Matter
 Are the distinguishing
characteristics that we use to
identify the different samples of
matter
 Physical properties and chemical

properties
Changes in matter
 Physical change - A change in any
physical property of a substance,
not in the substance itself.
 Chemical change - The change of

one substance into another
substance
Physical Change
 Physical Property: A characteristic of
a substance that can be observed
without changing the identity of the
substance.
 Size
 Texture
 Color
 Shape
 Mass
Physical Properties
Intensive property – do not depend
on the amount of matter
Color and density
Extensive property - - depend on

the amount of matter that is being
measured.
mass and volume.
Matter has Observable
Properties
 Physical Change:
 A change in any
physical property of
a substance, not in
the substance itself.
 Stretching a rubber
band is a physical
change because the
size changes
however, the
material that makes
up the rubber band
does not change
Physical Properties
 DensityThe
amount of matter
in a given volume.
 D=m/v(mass/
volume)
 Ice cubes float in
water because
they are less dense
than liquid water
Physical Properties
 Ductility The ability to be pulled into a thin
strand
 Wire, Paper clip, Copper wire
Physical Properties
 Malleability: The ability to be pressed or
pounded into a thin sheet
 Tin foil
Physical Properties
 Boiling Point: The
temperature at
which a substance
changes from a
liquid to a gas
 Water to steam
Physical Properties
 Melting point:
The temperature at
which a substance
changes from a
solid to a liquid
 Ice cube melts to a

puddle of water
Physical Properties
 Solubility: The
ability to dissolve
in another
substance
 Adding sugar to
coffee
Chemical Properties of
Matter
 Chemical Properties: Describe
how substances can form new
substances
 Chemical properties can be
identified by the changes that they
produce
 Chemical Change: The change of

one substance into another
Signs of a Chemical Change
 Production of
an odor
 Eggs rotting
produce a sulfur
smell
 Lightning produces
a fresh and clean
smell due to its
reaction with
 Change in
Temperature
 Exothermic Reaction:
Energy is released and
surrounding area of
reaction increases
temperature (Rusting)
 Endothermic
Reaction: Energy is
absorbed and
surrounding area of
reaction decreases in
temperature (antacid
and water)
 Change in
Color
 Fruit ripening
(green tomatoes
to red tomatoes)
 Rust
 Formation of
Bubbles
 Vinegar and
baking soda
 Antacid and
water
CHANGES IN STATES OF
MATTER
Start from: Change to: Name
solid liquid melting
liquid solid freezing
liquid gas boiling
gas liquid condensation
solid gas sublimation
gas solid deposition

PURE SUBSTANCE
 substances that
Matter are made up of
only one kind of
Pure
particle and have
substanc
e
Mixture a fixed or
constant
structure.
Element Compoun
d  They cannot be
separated by
physical means.
An element is a substance that is
made from one kind of atom only.
It cannot be broken down into
simpler substances. atom
atom
An
An
element
element
A compound is a substance that is
made from more than one element.
atom atom
A compound made up A compound made up

of 2 different of 7 different
ELEMENT COMPOUND
Pod Discussion: What’s the difference
between an element and a compound?

An element contains just one type
of atom.

A compound contains two or
more different atoms joined
chemically in a ratio.
Copper
Element, or Compound?
Cu
Table Sugar
H 22 O 1 1
C 12
Diamond
C
Neon Gas
Ne
Water
H 2O
Aluminum
Al
Silver
Ag
(silicon dioxide, or SiO2
Sand
MIXTURE
 Is defined as two or more substances
which have been combined such that
each substance retains its own
chemical identity.
Homogenou
s
Mixture
Heterogeno
Matter
us
Pure
substance
HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE
 Is a mixture that has uniform
solute throughout the entire
mixture and has only one phase
 Mixture of alcohol and water

HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE
 Is made of different substances
that remain physically separate
and have more than one phase
 Mixture of oil and water

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Matter

 Leucippus and Democritus (Greek

It’s what the world is made of.

 Have very little

 Physical properties and chemical

 Chemical change - The change of

Extensive property - - depend on

 Ice cube melts to a

 Chemical Change: The change of

solid gas sublimation

gas solid deposition

A compound made up A compound made up

 Mixture of alcohol and water

 Mixture of oil and water

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