Development 3.2 - Presentation

Grassroot initiatives:
Community Development
Programmes, Panchayati
Raj Institutions
Table of Content
1.Introduction
2.Grassroot Initiatives
3.Community & Community Development
4.Community Development Programs
5.Panchayati Raj
6.73rd and 74th Amendment
7.Structure of Panchayati Raj System
8.Conclusion
INRODUCTION
Grassroots initiatives in India, particularly
through Community Development
Programmes and the Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRI), focus on empowering rural
communities and enhancing local
governance. The PRI was established
through the 73rd Constitutional Amendment
Act in 1992, aiming to create a decentralized
form of local self-government in rural areas.
It facilitates the implementation of rural
Grassroot Initiatives
It is a community-driven effort that
emerges from within local
communities, often in response to
specific needs or challenges. These
initiatives are characterized by their
bottom-up approach, where
individuals or small groups take the
lead in addressing issues that affect
their immediate surroundings.
Community-driven: Initiated and led by community
members rather than external organisations or
governments.
Localized: Focused on addressing specific needs or

challenges within a particular geographic area.
Bottom-up approach: Begin at the grassroots level,

involving individuals and small groups in the decision-
making and implementation.
Innovative: Often employ creative and resourceful

solutions to address local problems.
DEFINITON
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
a "group of people with a a process whereby the

common characteristic or efforts of Government are
interest living together within united with those of the
a larger society" or a "body of
people to improve the
persons or nations having a
social, cultural, and
common history or common
social, economic, and political
economic conditions in
interests" communities
United Nation's report states
that:
"Community Development is
the process designed to
create conditions of economic
and social progress for whole
of community development
with its active participation
and fullest possible reliance
on community initiative."
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IS A
GRASSROOTS PROCESS BY WHICH
COMMUNITIES:
Become more
responsible
Organize and plan
together
Develop healthy lifestyle
options
Empower themselves
Reduce poverty and

Community Development In
India
► India's community is
dependent on village
communities.
► Emphasis on the habits and

attitudes of people.
► Active involvement of
people on group work and
community organization
Community Development
Programs
1.Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP): Aimed at
providing self-employment and promoting self-reliance among rural poor by
providing them with assets and skills.
2.Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA): Focuses on providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in a financial year to every rural household.
3.National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM): Aimed at reducing
poverty by promoting self-employment and organization of rural poor into
self-help groups (SHGs).
These programs are designed to enhance livelihoods, ensure sustainable

development, and empower local communities through participatory
Panchayati Raj ×
The local self-government system prevailed in our
country for a long time. It is described as the pillar
of village administration. Under this system, every
village was self-sufficient and the whole
administration was in the hands of panchayat,
whose head was called "Sarpanch". If the
constitution is a frame work for federal structure
then the power is said between two sets of
government. One of the center called Union or
federal Government and other State or provincial
Government.
BILL OF PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM
• Bill was introduced in Sep 1990
• Amendment bill (Lok Sabha) in Sep 1991
• Bill passed emerged as the 73rd Constitutional

Amendment Act 1992.
• The Act added Part IX to the Constitution, "The

Panchayats" and also added the Eleventh Schedule which
consists of the 29 functional items of the panchayats.
• Part IX of the Constitution contains Article 243 to Article

243 Ο
• A three-tier structure of the Indian
administration for rural development is
called Panchayati Raj.
• The Panchayati Raj aims to develop local

self-governments in districts, zones and
villages.
• The first panchayati raj system is in Nagpur

city in rajasthan.
• The father of panchayati raj -BALWANT RAI

73rd Amendment Act
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act

of 1992 established the Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRIs) in India, which are a system
of local self-government that aims to promote
democracy at the grassroots level. The PRIs
are a three-tier system that includes Gram
Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, and Zila
Parishads.
The 73rd Amendment Act:
• Enshrined the Panchayati Raj system in the

Constitution
• Added Part IX, "The Panchayats", to the
Constitution
• Added the Eleventh Schedule, which lists the 29
functional items of the panchayats
• Shaped Article 40 of the Constitution, which
directs the state to organize village panchayats
and give them the power to function as self-
government
74th Amendment Act
'74 Constitutional Amendment Act' 1992 is aimed to

strengthen Urban Local Bodies through devolution of power
towards decentralization.
The aim and objectives of 74th con. Amendment is:
1. To set up institutional mechanism to facilitate

decentralization.
2. Demarcate role of ULBs &specify their function
3. Specify areas deemed as urban to include new urbanizing
areas.
4. Ensure representation of pubic specially deprived
class/woman
Feautures
(i) a 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all States
having population of over 20 lakh
(ii) Panchayat elections regularly every 5 years
(iii) reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes,

Scheduled Tribes and women (not less than one-
third of seats)
(iv) appointment of State Finance Commission to

make recommendations as regards the financial
powers of the Panchayats
(v) constitution of District Planning Committees to

prepare development plans for the district as
• The word raj means "rule" and panchayat means
"assembly" (ayat) of five (panch).
• It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in

India.
• The system has three levels:
1.Gram Panchayat (village level)

2. Mandal Parishad or Block Samiti or Panchayat Samiti
(block level)
3. Zila Parishad (district level).
LEVELS Who elects whom?
• Gram Sabha
(every citizen
living in a village)
elects the Gram
Village Level Panchayats (a
council of elected
representatives)
to govern the
village. The Gram
Panchayat is
elected for five
years.
Grama Panchayat
Gram Panchayat is the smallest unit of the Panchayati Raj system in India,
and it acts as a local self-government body in rural areas.
Functions:
• Development of the village(infrastructure),
• poverty alleviation programs,
• Maintenance of records(births/deaths/marriages); issues
certificates(caste/income/residence),
• revenue collection (levied by the state government),
• Organizing social functions, Disaster
management(management/relief/rehabilitation),
• Community development (engage participation, promote social
harmony, provide services)
• The
members of
Block Level the
Panchayat
Samiti are
elected
directly by
gram
sabhas.
Panchyati Samiti
Planning and implementation of rural development programs,
Resource mobilization, Coordination with Gram Panchayats within
the block, supervises gram panchayats functioning, Disbursement
of funds, Monitoring and evaluation of the progress of rural
development programs/schemes
• The
members of
the Zila
District Level
Parishad are
elected
directly by
gram
sabhas.
Zilla Parishad
Zila Parishad is the highest level of the Panchayati Raj system in India,
responsible for the overall development and management of a district.
Functions:
• At the District level, infrastructure development, health, education,

and poverty alleviation programs;
• Zila Parishad mobilizes resources for rural development from various
sources like the state government, central government, and other
sources such as NGOs, private sector organizations, and international
agencies
• Zila Parishad coordinates with the lower-level Panchayati Raj
institutions, such as Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayats, to
ensure effective implementation of development programs and
schemes;
• Zila Parishad is responsible for encouraging entrepreneurship,
• The main goal of the panchayat raj system is to
implement "decentralization of power"
• It is a form of local self government in rural areas
• It is to implement democracy at the grass root level.

CONCLUSION
Grassroot initiatives, like Community Development
Programs and Panchayati Raj Institutions, empower
communities by involving them in decision-making
and implementation. The 73rd and 74th Amendments
to the Indian Constitution strengthened the Panchayati
Raj system, promoting local self-government. These
initiatives, supported by institutional frameworks,
drive positive change, foster participatory democracy,
and create a more inclusive, equitable, and
sustainable future.
Any Questions?
THANK
YOU

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Grassroot initiatives:

Localized: Focused on addressing specific needs or

Bottom-up approach: Begin at the grassroots level,

Innovative: Often employ creative and resourceful

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

a "group of people with a a process whereby the

Reduce poverty and

► Emphasis on the habits and

These programs are designed to enhance livelihoods, ensure sustainable

• Amendment bill (Lok Sabha) in Sep 1991

• Bill passed emerged as the 73rd Constitutional

• The Act added Part IX to the Constitution, "The

• Part IX of the Constitution contains Article 243 to Article

• The Panchayati Raj aims to develop local

• The first panchayati raj system is in Nagpur

• The father of panchayati raj -BALWANT RAI

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act

• Enshrined the Panchayati Raj system in the

'74 Constitutional Amendment Act' 1992 is aimed to

The aim and objectives of 74th con. Amendment is:

1. To set up institutional mechanism to facilitate

(ii) Panchayat elections regularly every 5 years

(iii) reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes,

(iv) appointment of State Finance Commission to

(v) constitution of District Planning Committees to

• It is a democratic structure at the grass-roots level in

• The system has three levels:

1.Gram Panchayat (village level)

• At the District level, infrastructure development, health, education,

• It is a form of local self government in rural areas

• It is to implement democracy at the grass root level.

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