Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Eye & Ear - 014145

    Uploaded by

    jfdsouza07

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Eye & Ear - 014145

    Uploaded by

    jfdsouza07
    1 views18 pages

    Original Title

    eye & ear_014145

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views18 pages

    Eye & Ear - 014145

    Uploaded by

    jfdsouza07

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    • Pair of sensory organs- orbit of skull with a cushion of fat around them

    • Each eye- rounded: eyeball


    • Each eye protected by:
     Bones
     Eyebrow
     Upper and lower eyelid
     Eyelashes
     Lacrimal glands

    • Movement of eyeball- 6 sets of muscles—

    Wall of eyeball: SCLERA, CHOROID AND RETINA


    • Sclera: Outermost layer- attachment of eye muscles.
    • Anterior bulgy portion- CORNEA ( focuses light on retina)
    • Blood vessels in sclera✅, cornea❌
    • Cornea- nourished by aqueous humor and lacrimal secretion
    • Transparent membranous covering on cornea- CONJUVTIVA
    • Protection and lubrication to cornea.

    2. CHOROID: Middle vascular and pigmented layer


    Not complete layer- three regions: CHOROID PROPER/ CILIARY BODY/ IRIS
    Choroid proper:
    • Lines the sclera
    • Pigmented nature - prevent internal reflection
    • Oxygen and nutrition to retina.
    • Ciliary body: Thick, muscular ring
    • Secrete aqueous humour
    • Suspensary ligaments hold the lens.
    • Suspensary ligaments+ ciliary body= adjustment of size of lens.

    • Iris-coloured portion of eye


    • Perforated in the middle- pupil
    • Smooth muscles of iris- regulate size of pupil- intensity of light.
    • Lens- transparent and biconvex structure
    • Suspense ligaments hold the lens.
    • Aqueous humor/ vitreous humour- maintain pressure of eyes, lens position.
    Retina: innermost, delicate, light sensitive layer
    • Two parts: Nonsensary part: lining the iris
    • Sensory part: lining the choroid
    • Inner part- 3 layers:
    1. Photosensitive layer (Rods and cones)
    2. Bipolar neurone
    3. Ganglion cells--> optic nerve.

    Photo receptor layer:


    • Rods : scotopic vision (night)- rhodopsin
    (derivative of vitamin A)
    • Cones: photopic vision (daylight vision)- three
    types of protein- colourful vision.

     Generation of image
    Ear:
    Stato-acoustic organ: hearing and body equilibrium.
    Divided into:
    1. External ear: ear pinna, auditory canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum)
    2. Middle ear: ear ossicles, eustachian tube.
    3. Internal ear: labyrinth (cochlea & semicircular canal), vestibular apparatus.
    Parts:
    1. Ear pinna
    2. Auditory canal
    3. Tympanic membrane/ ear drum

    Functions:
    Ear pinna: collect the sound waves, pass it into the auditory canal.
    Auditory canal: Passage for sound waves to reach the ear drum.
    Wax and hair: protection.

    Tympanic membrane/ ear drum:


    Delicate membranous structure- transmit sounds to middle ear.

    MIDDLE EAR:
    1. Ear ossicles - Malleus, incus, stapes.
    2. Eustachian tube

    Functions:
    Ear ossicles: amplify the vibration.

    Eustachian tube: maintains ear pressure on both sides.


    Inner ear: Parts:
    Fluid filled labyrinth (cochlea, semicircular canals)

    Semicircular canal: Right angles with each other


    Filled with endolymph

    • Basal swollen portion: ampulla, sensory spot: cristae Utricle and saccule
    • Cristae of all these- connected to vestibular nerves.
    • Dynamic balance- Cristae of ampulla
    • Static balance- cristae of utriculus and sacculus
    Cochlea:
    Cross section:
    1. Scala vestibuli (perilymph)
    2. Scala media (endolymph)
    3. Scala tympani (perilymph)

    Reissner's membrane & basilar membrane

    Organ of corti: tectorial membrane+ stereocilia+ hair cells

    Vibrations: stimulate hair cells - tectorial membrane gets pulled- vibrations -->
    nerve impulse

    You might also like