Motilal Nehru National Institute of

Technology, Allahabad, Pryagraj

PRE
DEFINED
HARDWA
RE
Team - TEAM MOTHERBOARD :
• Tanay Pandey (20235054)
• Zafar Imam Khan (20235154)
• Prabhas Kumar Chaubey (20235056)
• Prateek Kumar (20235057)
• Priyanshu Kumar (20235136)
 PROJEC
TS
WORKE
• TEMPERATURE MONITORING
SYSTEM D UPON
03-07

09-12
• LED BLINKING CIRCUIT
13-16
• DIGITAL CLOCK CIRCUIT
17-20
• MONITORING SOLAR ENERGY
TEMPERATU
0
1 RE
MONITORIN
Temperature Monitoring System focuses on the very basic
mechanism of measuring temperature that comes into use at

G SYSTEM
various levels and in various fields. From thermometers in
medicine, calorimeters in manufacturing to fire alarms in high
rise apartments, temperature monitoring is of great use to
humans.

CIRCUIT DESIGN
COMPONENTS USED :
• Arduino Uno
• Jumper wires
• LCD Screen
• Temperature Sensor (LM35)
• Temperature Threshold Alarm
• Flashing LEDs
 CIRCUIT
DESIGN
( DETAILS OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS USED )

ARDUNI LM35
TEMPERATUR 16*2 LCD MULTIPL
O UNO
Arduino Uno is a popular E SENSOR
The LM35 is a precision analog
DISPLAY
The 16x2 LCD display is a
standard alphanumeric
EX0R
t's commonly used in digital
systems to reduce the
microcontroller board, temperature sensor that
display module featuring 16 number of required
equipped with an provides an output voltage
characters per line and 2 input/output pins. By
ATmega328P chip. It offers a linearly proportional to Celsius
lines. Widely used in controlling select lines, a
simple and versatile platform temperature. Operating from -
embedded systems and DIY multiplexer allows multiple
for prototyping electronics 55°C to 150°C, it requires no signals to share the same
electronics projects for
projects, with easy-to-use external calibration or displaying information such as transmission path efficiently,
hardware and software trimming. With low self-heating sensor readings, messages, enabling data routing and
interfaces . and low output impedance. and menus signal switching in various
 HOW ARE
CONNECTIONS
0 MADE 0
? 0
1 2
Connections to the Temperature 3
Connections to the
Connections to the LCD:
• RS (Register Select): Connected to digital pin 12 of
Sensor (DS18B20): Arduino:
the Arduino. • Data Line (DQ): Connected to digital pin 2 of the Arduino
• Digital Pin 2: Connected to the
• Enable: Connected to digital pin 11 of the Arduino. (defined as ONE_WIRE_BUS).
data line of the DS18B20
• D4: Connected to digital pin 5 of the Arduino. • VDD (Power): Connected to the 5V pin of the Arduino.
temperature sensor (defined as
• D5: Connected to digital pin 4 of the Arduino. • Ground (GND): Connected to the ground (GND) of the
• D6: Connected to digital pin 3 of the Arduino. ONE_WIRE_BUS).
Arduino.
• D7: Connected to digital pin 2 of the Arduino. • Digital Pin 3 to 12: Connected to
• VSS (Ground): Connected to the ground (GND) of the RS, Enable, and data pins (D4,
the Arduino.
D5, D6, D7) of the LCD display.
• VDD (Power): Connected to the 5V pin of the
• Digital Pin 13: Connected to an
Arduino.
• VO (Contrast): Typically connected to a LED (optional).
potentiometer for adjusting the contrast. • Digital Pin 4: Connected to a
buzzer (optional).
INCLUDING LIBRARIES
AND DEFINING
FUCTIONS

DEFINING PINS FOR

VARIOUS
COMPONENTS USED

MAIN CODE (WORKING

OF LCD AND
THRESHOLD FIRE
ALARM)

LOGIC OF THE CODE

 0
2
Setup Function:
WORKIN
G OF
• Serial.begin(9600): Initializes serial
communication for debugging.
• LCD initialization and display setup.

0
3 THE
• Setting pin modes for the buzzer and
LED.

0
• sensors.begin(): Initializes
communication with the DS18B20
Loop Function:

1 CODE
sensor.
• sensors.requestTemperatures():
LIBRARY Initiates temperature measurement
by the DS18B20 sensor.
INCLUSION, PIN • Updates the temperature reading on
the LCD display.
DEFINITIONS

0
• Checks if the temperature exceeds

AND OBJECT the defined threshold.

• If the temperature surpasses the

INTIALISATION
4
Trigger Alarm Function :
• tone(buzzerPin, 1000): Activates the
buzzer at a frequency of 1000 Hz.
threshold, triggerAlarm() function is
called.

• digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH): Turns on the

LED.
• Turns off the buzzer and LED after the
delay with noTone(buzzerPin) and
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW) respectively.
 KNOW
ABOUT
Arduino Uno is a widely used microcontroller

ARDUINO !!
board based on the ATmega328P microcontroller
chip. It features multiple digital and analog
input/output pins, which can be programmed to
interact with various sensors, actuators, and other
electronic components. Uno boards are popular for
prototyping and creating interactive electronic
projects due to their ease of use, versatility, and
extensive community support. They can be
programmed using the Arduino Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), which simplifies
the process of writing and uploading code to the
board.
0
2
LED
BLINKING
The LED Blinking Circuit project may seem simple, but it serves as a

CIRCUIT
fundamental building block in various applications across different
domains:

• Educational settings for learning basic electronics.

• Prototyping and testing electronic projects.
• Indicator lights in devices and control panels.
• Alarm systems for security and surveillance.
• Entertainment and art installations for dynamic lighting effects

Components used :
• Arduino Uno
• Resistor
• Blinking LED
• Timer IC or Microcontroller (Can be used)
 CIRCUIT
DESIGN
( DETAILS OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS USED )

ARDUNI BLINKIN RESIST

O UNO
Arduino Uno is a popular
microcontroller board,
G LED
Blinking LED circuits are
fundamental in electronics,
ORS
Electronic resistors are
passive components
serving as introductory
equipped with an commonly used to limit
projects for learners to
ATmega328P chip. It offers a current flow, divide voltage,
understand digital output and
simple and versatile platform and adjust signal levels in
timing. They find practical
electronic circuits. They come
for prototyping electronics
applications as indicator
in various types, such as
projects, with easy-to-use lights in devices, alarms, and
fixed resistors, variable
hardware and software entertainment installations,
resistors (potentiometers).
interfaces . providing visual feedback..
CONNECTION
S AND CODE :
• LED Connection:
⚬ The LED is connected to digital pin
13 of the Arduino board.
⚬ In the code, the LED pin is defined
as #define LED_PIN 13.
⚬ pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT); sets
pin 13 as an output pin to which
the LED is connected.
• Resistor:
⚬ In this code, there's no explicit
mention of a resistor. However,
it's assumed that a current-
limiting resistor is connected in
series with the LED to prevent it
from drawing too much current
from the Arduino pin.
 Q HOW CAN TIMER IC BE
INCORPORATED INTO
. THIS
Incorporating a timer IC, such asPROJECT
the NE555, into the ?
LED blinking project can enable precise control over the
blinking frequency. You can wire the output of the timer
IC to the LED through a current-limiting resistor,
adjusting the timing components (resistors and
capacitors) in the timer circuit to set the desired blinking
rate. This approach allows for more flexibility in
controlling the blinking frequency compared to using the
delay() function in Arduino code, making it suitable for
applications requiring specific timing intervals.
0
3
DIGITAL
CLOCK
Digital clock circuits play a crucial role in various applications where

CIRCUIT
accurate timekeeping, synchronization, and display functionalities are
required. They contribute to efficient operation, scheduling, and
coordination in diverse settings across different industries.
• Consumer Electronics
• Industrial Automation
• Transportation Systems
• Office and Business Environments

Components used :

• RTC Module
• Arduino Uno
• 7 - Segment Diaplay
 CIRCUIT
DESIGN
( DETAILS OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS USED )

ARDUNI RTC 7
O UNO
Arduino Uno is a popular An MODUL
RTC (Real-Time Clock) SEGMENT
A 7-segment display is a type of

microcontroller
equipped with
board,
an
device
E
module is a compact electronic
that accurately tracks DISPLAY
electronic
consists of
display device.
seven individually
It

time with a built-in battery controllable segments arranged

ATmega328P chip. It offers a
backup. It interfaces with in a figure-eight pattern, with
simple and versatile platform
microcontrollers or computers, each segment capable of being
for prototyping electronics providing real-time date and independently activated or
projects, with easy-to-use time information for various deactivated to display different
hardware and software applications such as digital numbers (0-9) and select
interfaces . clocks, data logging, and characters (such as A-F in
scheduling systems. hexadecimal).
CODE FOR
THE
PROJECT :
 how are connections made ?
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

RTC Module Connection:

• Connect the SDA pin of 7-Segment Display
the RTC module to the Connection:
Power Supply:
Arduino's SDA pin (Analog • Connect the common
• Power the Arduino board
pin 4 or A4). cathode pins of each 7-
via USB or an external
• Connect the SCL pin of segment display to
power source.
the RTC module to the separate digital output • Ensure all components,
Arduino's SCL pin (Analog pins on the Arduino (e.g.,
including the RTC module
pins 2 to 5).
pin 5 or A5). and 7-segment displays,
• Connect the segment pins
• Ensure the RTC module is are adequately powered
(A to G and DP) of each 7-
powered properly, usually with proper voltage levels
segment display to
with VCC connected to (5V or as required by the
individual digital output
the Arduino's 5V pin and components).
pins on the Arduino (e.g.,
GND connected to GND
pins 6 to 13).
pin.
0
4
MONITORING
SOLAR
This project serves as a valuable tool for promoting sustainability,

ENERGY
reducing carbon emissions, and harnessing the potential of solar
energy in various sectors of society.
• Residential buildings with solar panels installed on rooftops.
• Commercial establishments, including offices, factories, and warehouses.
• Educational institutions, such as schools and universities.
• Agricultural farms and greenhouses.
• Off-grid locations or remote areas lacking access to electricity.
• Environmental monitoring stations and research facilities.
• Renewable energy systems and power plants.
• Smart cities and urban development projectS.

Components used :
• Potentiometer
• Solar Panel
• LCD Display
• Arduino Uno
 CIRCUIT
DESIGN
( DETAILS OF VARIOUS
COMPONENTS USED )

ARDUNI 16*2 LCD SOLAR POTENTIO

O UNO
Arduino Uno is a popular DISPLAY
The 16x2 LCD display is a PANEL
A solar panel is a device that METER
A potentiometer is a variable
resistor with three terminals
microcontroller board, standard alphanumeric converts sunlight into
equipped with an display module featuring 16 used to control electrical
electrical energy using
ATmega328P chip. It offers a characters per line and 2 resistance manually. By
photovoltaic cells. It
lines. Widely used in adjusting the knob or slider,
simple and versatile platform harnesses renewable solar
embedded systems and DIY users can vary the resistance.
for prototyping electronics energy for various
electronics projects for Potentiometers are commonly
projects, with easy-to-use applications, including
displaying information such as employed for volume control,
hardware and software powering homes, businesses,
sensor readings, messages, brightness adjustment, and
interfaces . and electronic devices
sensor calibration in electronic
CODE FOR
THE
PROJECT :
INCLUDING LIBRARIES
AND DEFINING
FUCTIONS

LCD DISPLAY
FUNCTION

MAIN WORKING
CODE OF THE
PROJECT THAT RUNS
ON LOOP
 how are connections made ?
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

LCD Connection:
• The LCD is connected to the Potentiometer Connection:
Arduino using digital pins 2 • The middle pin (wiper) of • Solar Panel Connection:
through 12. the potentiometer is ⚬ The positive terminal of
• Pin 12 of the Arduino is connected to analog pin A0
the solar panel is
connected to the RS of the Arduino, which is
(Register Select) pin of the defined as
connected to analog pin
LCD. POTENTIOMETER_PIN. A1 of the Arduino,
• Pin 11 is connected to the • One end of the defined as
Enable (EN) pin. SOLAR_PANEL_PIN.
potentiometer is connected
• Pins 5, 4, 3, and 2 are
connected to the data pins
to the 5V pin of the ⚬ The negative terminal of
D4, D5, D6, and D7 of the Arduino, providing power. the solar panel is
LCD, respectively. • The other end of the connected to the GND
• Additionally, the VSS pin of potentiometer is connected
pin of the Arduino,
the LCD is connected to the to the GND pin of the
establishing the
GND of the Arduino, and the Arduino, completing the
VDD pin is connected to the circuit. electrical connection.
5V power supply.
"THANK YOU,
FOR
PATIENTLY
LISTENING
TO OUR