Practical 5 of

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 33

Practical 7

Study of Traditional
Organic Input Preparation
Introduction
• Organic inputs such as green manure, animal manure, bird manure,
bovine manure, urine, compost, vermicompost, bio-char, and crops
such as onions, garlic, nicotine, cloves, chilies, and microorganisms,
which are mixed in various ratios to develop organic formulations
that, when applied to plants, promote improved plant growth.

• These organic formulations are used to improve the soil nutrient


properties in terms of N, P, and K availability and micronutrients
such as Si and Zn, they also work against pests such as Meloydogine
incognita, Aspidiotus nerii, Naupactus xanthographus, and
pathogens, such as Phytophthora cinnamomi and Pythium spp.
• These organic inputs have served as alternatives to synthetic
formulations.
• From 1500 BC to the evolution of the green revolution, these
organic compounds were in use.
• Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) is one of the most
important techniques which can stimulate better production
both in terms of quality and quantity.
• It is best technique to facilitate good quality yield and
reducing the pollution of land and water.

The four pillars of ZBNF:-


1.Jivamrita/jeevamrutha: is a fermented microbial culture.
2.Bijamrita is effective in protecting young roots from fungus
also as from soil-borne and seedborne diseases that
commonly affect plants after the monsoon period.
3.Acchadana – Mulching: there are three sorts of mulching: It
promotes aeration and water retention in the soil.
4. Whapasa – moisture: roots need water vapour.
1. Beejamrit:
Preparation and application:
 Beejamrit, a traditional seed treatment method, to prepare
Beejamrit, start by suspending 5 kg of cow dung in water
for up to 12 hours, while simultaneously mixing lime with
water overnight.
 The next morning, squeeze the soaked cow dung bundle
into the water three times to extract its essence thoroughly.
 Stir in approximately 1 kg of local soil and add 5 litres of
desi cow urine along with the lime-water mixture.
 This solution is then used to coat seeds of various crops by
hand, ensuring they are well-covered before drying them
thoroughly for sowing.
Benefits:
 Beejamrit, an age-old agricultural practice, serves as a sustainable
method for treating seeds, seedlings, or any planting material.
 Its primary function lies in safeguarding young roots from fungal
infections.
 It functions as a fermented microbial solution rich in beneficial
microbes essential for plant health.
 When applied as a seed treatment, it aims to foster colonization of
these microbes on the roots and leaves of germinating seeds. This
colonization, in turn, supports robust plant growth and development.
 Its application not only enhances seed vigour but also contributes to
soil health and ecosystem resilience.
 This traditional technique represents a holistic approach to farming,
promoting biodiversity and reducing dependence on external inputs,
thereby supporting long-term agricultural sustainability
2. Jivamrit:
 Jivamrit, a natural agricultural solution, promoting soil
health, plant vigor, and overall crop resilience naturally, in
line with sustainable farming practices.
Preparation and application:
 Preparation requires a careful blending of ingredients in 200
litres of water: 10 kg of fresh cow dung, 5-10 litres of cow
urine, 50 grams of lime, 2 kg of jaggery, 2 kg of pulses’
flour, and 1 kg of uncontaminated soil.
 After thorough mixing, the mixture ferments for 48 hours in
shade, stirred twice daily with a wooden stick, continuing
for 5-7 days.
 The solution remains viable for up to 15 days. This process
enhances microbial activity beneficial for plant growth.
 Once ready, it is applied fortnightly by either direct
spraying on crops or mixing with irrigation water, focusing
on individual fruit plants for optimal effect.

Benefits: It functions as a biostimulant that enhances soil


microbial activity and promotes the activity of
microorganisms on plant foliage when applied as a spray.
It acts as a catalyst for microbial processes, priming the soil
for increased microbial diversity and activity essential for
nutrient cycling and plant health.
Additionally, Jivamrit stimulates the population growth of
native earthworms, which play a crucial role in soil
aeration and nutrient distribution.
• Its biostimulant properties contribute to
improved plant vigor, disease resistance, and
nutrient uptake, thereby promoting healthier
and more productive crops naturally.

• Regular application of Jivamrit ensures


sustained benefits by maintaining a thriving
soil ecosystem and optimizing plant-microbe
interactions essential for agricultural
sustainability.
3. Ghanjeevamrit:
Preparation and application:

It is prepared by combining 100 kg of sundried


indigenous cow dung, 1 kg of jaggery, 1 kg of pulse
flour, 3 litres of indigenous cow urine, and 250
grams of soil sourced from undisturbed bunds or
forests.
These ingredients are mixed thoroughly to form
cakes, which are stored after preparation.
After a maturation period of 10 days, Ghanjeevamrit
is ready for application in fields.
It is recommended to apply it at a rate of 250
kg per hectare before sowing, ensuring optimal
soil enrichment.
The product maintains its efficacy for up to 6
months when stored in a cool, dry place

Benefits:

• It enhances soil fertility by introducing


beneficial microorganisms that aid in the
fixation and mobilization of NPK nutrients.
4. Acchadana (Mulching):

There are two types of mulching techniques:

 Crop Residue Mulch: This involves using dried


vegetation and farm stubble, such as biomass waste, to
cover the soil. It serves to protect the soil from harsh
weather conditions like intense sunlight, cold, and rain.
Additionally, residue mulching helps in safeguarding
seeds from birds, insects, and animals.

 Live Mulch: Live mulching entails planting short-


duration crops alongside the main crop in a multi-
cropping or intercropping pattern.
• This method recommends alternating
monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops
within the same field to ensure a balanced supply
of essential nutrients.

• Monocots like wheat and rice contribute


nutrients such as potash, phosphate, and sulphur,
while dicots such as pulses are beneficial as
nitrogen-fixing plants.
Benefits:

• Mulching contributes to moisture


conservation, moderates soil temperature
around plant roots, mitigates soil erosion,
minimizes runoff, and suppresses weed
growth.
5. Whapasa:

• Whapasa refers to the combination of 50% air and


50% water vapor found within the gaps between
soil particles.
• This microclimate within the soil is crucial for soil
organisms and roots, providing essential moisture
and nutrients.
• Irrigation should be minimized, focusing
exclusively on midday watering in alternate
furrows.
• It improves water availability, optimizes water-use
Preparation of plant protection inputs
1. Neemastra:

Preparation and application:


 Neemastra, a natural pesticide preparation, requires 200 litres of
water, 2 kg of cow dung, 10 litres of cow urine, and 10 kg of finely
ground neem leaf paste or neem seed pulp.
 In the initial step, combine water with cow urine and cow dung in a
drum, followed by adding the neem paste or pulp. Stir the mixture
twice daily in clockwise using a long stick and cover it with a
gunny bag, keeping it shaded away from sunlight and rain.
 After 48 hours, the Neemastra solution is ready for use and can be
stored for up to 6 months without dilution.
 Before application, filter the solution through a muslin cloth and
apply it directly to crops through foliar spraying.
Benefits:

Neemastra effectively manages a range of pests


in agriculture, specifically targeting sucking
pests such as jassids, aphids, whiteflies, and
small caterpillars.
Regular application of Neemastra through foliar
spray ensures sustainable pest management
while preserving soil health and promoting
crop resilience naturally.
2. Brahmastra:
Preparation and application:
• Brahmastra, a potent botanical pesticide, requires 20 litres of cow
urine mixed with 2 kg each of finely prepared pastes from neem
leaves, karanj leaves, custard apple leaves, castor leaves, and datura
leaves.
• The preparation process begins by boiling this mixture on low heat
until it forms one or two layers of foam.
• Stirring should be done clockwise, and the vessel covered with a lid
during boiling. After the second foam forms, the boiling is halted, and
the solution is left to cool for 48 hours, allowing the release of
alkaloids from the leaves into the urine.
• Once cooled, the solution is filtered through a muslin cloth and stored
in earthen pots or plastic drums, preferably in shaded areas, where it
can be stored for up to 6 months.
• For application, dilute 6-8 litres of Brahmastra in
200 litres of water for foliar spraying on crops.
Adjust the dilution ratio based on the severity of
pest infestation, ensuring effective pest control
while adhering to sustainable and organic
farming practices.

Benefits: This natural insecticide is derived from


leaves containing specific alkaloids known to
deter pests effectively. It targets all types of
sucking pests and concealed caterpillars found
within pods and fruits.
3. Agniastra:
Preparation and application:

• Agniastra, a potent organic insecticide, requires 200 litres of cow


urine combined with 2 kg of neem leaf paste, 500 grams of tobacco
powder, 500 grams of green chili paste, 250 grams of garlic paste, and
200 grams of turmeric powder.
• To prepare, stir the mixture clockwise and cover it while boiling until
foam forms.
• Remove from heat and allow it to cool in shade for 48 hours, stirring
twice daily during fermentation.
• After this period, filter the solution through a fine muslin cloth and
store it.
• Agniastra remains effective for up to 3 months
when stored correctly.
• For application, dilute 6-8 litres of Agniastra in
200 litres of water for spraying on crops.
• Adjust the ratio depending on the severity of
pest infestation.

Benefits:

• It is used to control all sucking pests and


caterpillars.
4. Dashaparni ark (Kashaya)
Preparation and application:

• Dashparni, a potent botanical pesticide, is prepared using


a blend of natural ingredients.
• Begin by combining 200 litres of water with 20 litres of
cow urine and 2 kg of cow dung in a drum, allowing it to
stand covered for 2 hours.
• To this mixture, add 500 grams of turmeric powder, 200
grams of ginger paste, and 10 grams of asafoetida, stirring
clockwise and covering overnight.
• The following morning, incorporate 1 kg of tobacco
powder, 2 kg of hot green chili paste, and 500 grams of
garlic paste, stirring thoroughly with a wooden stick and
 After this, add pastes made from any 10 types of leaves selected
from a specified list.

• Neem leaves – 3 kg, Leaves of Pongamia pinnata – 2 kg,


• Leaves of Annona sqamosa- 2 kg,
• Castor leaves (Ricinus communis) – 2 kg,
• Datura leaves ( Datura metel)- 2 kg,
• Leaves of Calatropis procera – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Vitex negundo – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Datura stramonium – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Nerium indica – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Hibiscus rosa – 2 kg,


• Mango leaves (Mangifera indica) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Lantana camara – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Casia tora – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Guava (Psidium guava) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Coffee (Coffea arabica) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Mahua (Maduca indica) – 2 kg,
• Coco leaves (Theobroma cacao) – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Acacia nilotica – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Psoralea corylifolia – 2 kg,
• Leaves of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia) – 2 kg
• Stir well, cover, and leave for 30-40 days for
fermentation, ensuring alkaloids from the leaves dissolve
into the mixture by stirring twice daily.

• After 40 days, filter the solution through muslin cloth for


application.

• Dilute 6-8 liters of the prepared Kashayam in 200 litres


of water for effective spraying on crops, adjusting the
concentration based on pest severity.
Benefits: Dashaparni ark serves as a versatile
alternative to Neemastra, Bramhastra, and Agniastra,
offering comprehensive pest control.
5. Natural fungicide:

A fungicide made with cow milk and curd has


proven highly effective against fungal
infections. To prepare, ferment 3 liters of milk
into curd, allowing a grey fungal layer to
develop over 3 to 5 days. After removing the
creamy layer, churn the curd thoroughly, mix
with water, filter, and apply as a spray on
infected crops.
Panchagavya
Panchagavya, an organic product has the potential to play the role of
promoting growth and providing immunity in plant system.
Panchagavya consists of nine products viz. cow dung, cow urine, milk,
curd, jaggery, ghee, banana, Tender coconut and water.

Cow dung - 7 kg Cow ghee - 1 kg


Mix the above two ingredients thoroughly both in morning and
evening hours and keep it for 3 days

Cow Urine - 10 liters Water - 10 liters


After 3 days mix cow urine and water and keep it for 15 days with
regular mixing both in morning and evening hours.
After 15 days mix the following and Panchagavya will be ready after
30 days.

Cow milk - 3 lit Cow curd - 2 lit Tender coconut water - 3 lit
Jaggery - 3 kg Well ripened banana – 12 nos.
Ingredients of Panchagavya

Cow dung Cow urine Milk Cow ghee


Cow curd

Jaggery Well ripened Tender Coconut Water


banana
Preparation
• All the above items can be added to a wide mouthed mud pot,
concrete tank or plastic can as per the above order.

• The container should be kept open under shade.

• The content is to be stirred twice a day both in morning and evening.

• The Panchagavya stock solution will be ready after 30 days. (Care


should be taken not to mix buffalo products. The products of local
breeds of cow is said to have potency than exotic breeds).

• It should be kept in the shade and covered with a wire mesh or


plastic mosquito net to prevent houseflies from laying eggs and the
formation of maggots in the solution. If sugarcane juice is not
available add 500 g of jaggery dissolved in 3 liter of water.
3. Beneficial effects of Panchagavya on commercial crops
Mango
• Induces dense flowering with more female flowers
• Irregular or alternate bearing habit is not experienced and continues to fruit regularly
• Enhances keeping quality by 12 days in room temperature
• Flavour and aroma are extraordinary
Guava
• Higher TSS
• Shelf life is extended by 5 days
Banana
• In addition to adding with irrigation water and spraying, 3% solution (100 ml) was tied up at
the naval end of the bunch after the male bud is removed. The bunch size becomes uniform.
One month earlier harvest was witnessed. The size of the top and bottom hands was
uniformly big.
Vegetables
• Yield enhancement by 18% and in few cases like Cucumber, the yield is doubled
• Wholesome vegetables with shiny and appealing skin
• Extended shelf life, Very tasty with strong flavour
Generally panchagavya is recommended for all the crops as foliar spray at 30 %
level (3 litre panchagavya in 100 litres of water).

You might also like