Polymers and Their Properties G3

Polymers and Their
Properties
Welcome! Today we'll explore the fascinating
world of polymers - their structure, classification,
and diverse properties. We'll discuss how these
versatile materials shape our everyday lives.
Introduction to Polymers
Macromolecules Natural and Synthetic
Polymers are large molecules made up of Polymers can be naturally occurring, like proteins
repeating subunits called monomers, linked and DNA, or synthetically produced, like plastics
together by chemical bonds. The arrangement and synthetic fibers.
and type of monomer influence the polymer's
properties.
Introduction to Polymers
Macromolecules Natural and Synthetic
Molecular Structure of
Polymers
1 Linear Polymers 2 Branched Polymers
Monomers are linked in Side chains branch off
a single chain. the main polymer
chain.
3 Cross-Linked Polymers
Chains are connected by chemical bonds, creating a network.
4 Networked Polymers
Forms a three-dimensional networks instead of a linear chain framework .
Classification of Polymers
Thermoplastics Thermosetting
Can be repeatedly Polymers
Irreversibly harden upon
softened by heating and heating, forming strong
solidified by cooling, rigid structures, not
making them recyclable. recyclable.
Elastomers
Exhibit rubber-like elasticity, can be stretched and return

to their original shape.
Fibers
A thread like polymers which can be used as fabrics.
The strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bond
provide high tensile strength and high modulus to fibers.
Thermoplastic Polymers
Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Used in packaging, bottles, and films.
Used in containers, fibers, and Used in pipes, flooring, and
packaging. window frames.
Thermosetting Polymers
Epoxy Resins Polyester Resins
Used in adhesives, coatings, and composites.
Used in fiberglass-reinforced plastics, bottles, and clothing fibers.
1 2 3
Phenolic Resins
Used in electrical insulators, laminates, and molding compounds.
Elastomers
Natural Rubber
Derived from the latex of rubber trees.
Synthetic Rubber
Produced through chemical processes, offering
improved properties.
Silicone Rubber
Known for heat resistance, flexibility, and water repellen
Fibers
Cotton
1. Clothing, such as jackets, shirts, underwear, socks, and
Wool
2. Suits, Socks, Cold-weather gear like hats, gloves, sweaters
Silk
3. High-end fashion garments like shirts, blouses, and suits
Nylon
4. Hosiery and swimwear, Fishing nets
Physical Properties of Polymers
Melting Point
1 Temperature at which a polymer transitions from a solid to a liq
Density
2 Mass per unit volume, influenced by the
structure and packing of polymer chains.
Permeability
3 Ability of gases or liquids to pass
through the polymer material.
Thermal Properties of Polymers
1. Glass Transition Temperature (Tg)
Temperature at which a polymer transitions from a rigid, glassy state to a
more flexible, rubbery state.
2. Melting Point (Tm)

Temperature at which a crystalline polymer transitions from a
Solid to a liquid state.
3. Thermal Conductivity
Rate at which heat is transferred through the polymer.
4. Thermal Conductivity
Change in volume of a polymer with temperature changes.
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
Tensile Strength
1
Maximum stress a polymer can withstand before breaking.
Yield Strength
2
Stress at which a polymer undergoes permanent deformation.
Elongation
3
Percentage increase in length before breaking.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Polymers
ELECTRICAL OPTICAL
PROPERTIES PROPERTIES
Conductivity Transparency
Dielectric Strength Reflective Index
Piezoelectricity Light Scattering

Classification of Polymers
Synthetic
Polymers
These polymers are man-
made and include plastics,
synthetic fibers, and
synthetic rubbers
Natural Polymer
These polymers are

found in nature, such
as proteins, Addition Condensation
carbohydrates, and Reaction Reaction
DNA.. is a process where are used to
monomer molecules synthesize both
bond to each other natural and synthetic
without the loss of polymers
any other atoms
Applications of Polymers
1
Packaging
Polymers are widely used in packaging for food, beverages, and other produc
2
Construction
Polymers are used in construction materials, such as pipes, insulation, and wind
3
Transportation
Polymers are used in vehicles, including tires, interiors, and body panels.
Applications of Polymers
4
Electronics
Polymers are used in electronic devices such as circuit
Polymers
boards, insulators,
and packaging for components.
5
Textile
Synthetic fibers like polyester, nylon, and acrylic are

commonly used in clothing, carpets, and upholstery, .

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Polymers and Their

Exhibit rubber-like elasticity, can be stretched and return

Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

2. Melting Point (Tm)

Dielectric Strength Reflective Index

Piezoelectricity Light Scattering

These polymers are

Synthetic fibers like polyester, nylon, and acrylic are

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