Module 4

UNSATURATED, SATURATED AND
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS
Prepared by:
L.S. Antolin
Science Teacher
OBJECTIVES
 Scientists ask themselves these questions?
› Is matter uniform throughout?
› Can it be separated by physical means?
› Can it be separated by chemical means?

NO
YES
NO YES
NO YES
Matter can also be classified
according to its composition. Mixtures
can be homogeneous or
heterogeneous
Mixtures
Mixtures contain two or more different
kinds of particles.
MAY appear the same throughout
MAY have distinct visible parts
+ =
Sugar Water Sugar Solution
Examples of Mixtures…
• salt water,
• Orange juice
• chocolate chip cookie
• salad dressing
Homogeneous Mixtures
 These mixtures appear to be the same
throughout and often have the same properties:
-only one part visible (appears to be one
substance)
-usually transparent
-light passes through solution
- particles do not settle, they dissolve
 the particles are
evenly mixed so
that none of the Juice
original
substances are
visible
(dissolved)
Homogenous Mixture
can be:
 solid Stainless
steel
 liquid or Salt water
 gas Clean air

Characteristics of Solutions
 Itis HOMOGENEOUS. It is a mixture of one phase only.
The components are so well mixed that all parts of the
solution appear the same. Solutions have the same
composition and properties throughout.
 The solute cannot be separated from the solvent
through filtration because these are so small that they
pass through the filter paper or cheesecloth.
 A solution is often clear and transparent.
Example of Solutions
Salt water
Air is a mixtures of oxygen, nitogen and other
gases
Alloys (mixtures of different metals)
Stainless steel is a
mixture
of iron and
chromium.
Brass is an alloy of
copper
and zinc.
Heterogeneous Mixtures
 Have different visible parts, each with their
own properties
- two or more parts visible to the eye
- not transparent
- particles settle and they do not evenly mix
Heterogeneous Mixture
include:
Granola solids
bar
Oil and liquids

vinegar
Polluted air gases

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Mixtures?
3 techniques can be used to distinguish between the
two:
1. Use a microscope. A solution contains only one
type of particle
2. Use a filter. If anything gets caught in the filter it is
a mechanical mixture.
3. Tyndall effect. Mixtures scatter the light (you can
see it ) and solutions do not scatter light (you
cannot see it).
 The light will scatter as
it passes through the
mixture because all
particles are not
dissolved (as shown on
the left)
Solubility
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Components of Solutions
Solubility
 the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific

amount of solvent.
22
Unsaturated Solutions
Unsaturated solutions
• contain less than the

maximum amount of
solute.
• can dissolve more solute. Dissolved

solute

Unsaturated Solutions
Saturated Solutions
Saturated solutions
• contain the maximum

amount of solute that
can dissolve.
• have undissolved
solute at the bottom of
the container.

Saturated Solutions
Supersaturated Solutions
Supersaturated solutions
• An unstable solution that contains an

amount of solute greater than the
solute solubility.
• Also has MORE undissolved

solute at the bottom of the
container.

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION
A supersaturated solution contains more

solute than it can theoretically hold at a
given temperature.
 The crystallization of a supersaturated
solution can be initiated if a very small
crystal, called a seed crystal, of the solute
is added.
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Education, Inc., or its
affiliates. All Rights
Reserved.
The rate at which excess solute deposits upon the
surface of a seed crystal can be very rapid.
The solution is Crystals begin to Excess solute

clear before a form immediately crystallizes rapidly.
seed crystal is after the addition of Copyright © Pearson Education,
Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights
added. a seed crystal. Reserved.
LEARNING CHECK:
 A saturated solution is one in which no additional solute

can dissolve in the solvent at that temperature.
If more solute is stirred into a saturated solution, then
not dissolve and will settle to
the added solute will ____________________________
the bottom of the container
____________________________________________.
If a saturatedprecipitate
solution is cooled, thensolute
the excess the solution
neededwillto
most
bringlikely
the ____________________________________
solution to its new saturation point
____________________________________________.
 An unsaturated solution is one in which more solute
can dissolve in the solvent at that temperature.
dissolve
If more solute is stirred completely
into an or dissolve
unsaturated solution, the
only in
added partwill
solute if the solution becomes saturated
_______________________________
____________________________________________.
 A supersaturated solution is one in which the solvent “is
holding” has more solute than it should at that temperature.
Supersaturated solutions are a rare occurrence.
It is not easy to make supersaturated solutions.
 Supersaturated solutions are created by making a saturated

solution at a high temperature and then
slowly cooling the mixture without any disturbance.
 If a tiny amount of solute is dropped into a supersaturated

the “extra” solute will
solution, then _________________________________
immediately
precipitate out of
____________________________________________.
solution
Learning Check
1) If 10.0 g of KCl is dissolved in 100.0 g of water at

20.0oC, then would the solution be described as
unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?
Unsaturated
2) If 50.0 g of KClO3 is stirred into 100.0 g of water at
10.0oC, then would the solution be described as
Saturated
3) If 100.0 g of KClO3 is dissolved in 100.0 g of water
at 20.0oC, then would the solution be described as
Supersaturated
4) If 100.0 g of KI is stirred into 200.0 g of water at
40.0oC, then would the solution be described
as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?
Unsaturated
5) If 100.0 g of KNO3 is stirred into 100.0 g of water

at 20.0oC, then would the solution be described
as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?
Supersaturated
THANK YOU!!!

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UNSATURATED, SATURATED AND

› Can it be separated by physical means?

› Can it be separated by chemical means?

 liquid or Salt water

 gas Clean air

Oil and liquids

Polluted air gases

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

 the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a specific

• contain less than the

• can dissolve more solute. Dissolved

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

• contain the maximum

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

• An unstable solution that contains an

• Also has MORE undissolved

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

A supersaturated solution contains more

The solution is Crystals begin to Excess solute

 A saturated solution is one in which no additional solute

 Supersaturated solutions are created by making a saturated

 If a tiny amount of solute is dropped into a supersaturated

1) If 10.0 g of KCl is dissolved in 100.0 g of water at

5) If 100.0 g of KNO3 is stirred into 100.0 g of water

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