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Introduction to
lightening and rendering Mudabbir Ali • Lighting and Rendering are crucial components in 3D modeling that significantly influence the appearance of your scenes. • Lighting refers to the simulation of light sources in your 3D environment. It impacts how colors, shadows, and overall scene atmosphere are perceived. • Rendering is the process of generating a final image or animation from a 3D scene. It combines all the elements, including models, textures, and lighting, into a cohesive output. Types of lights in Blender • Point Light: A light source that emits light in all directions from a single point. It's similar to a light bulb and is useful for localized lighting.
• Sun Light: This type simulates sunlight with parallel light rays, suitable for outdoor scenes. Adjusting its angle can create different times of day.
• Spotlight: Projects a cone of light, illuminating a specific area. This type
can emphasize key features in a scene.
• Area Light: Emits light from a rectangular surface, creating soft shadows. It's effective for simulating natural light sources like windows. • Point light Different properties of lights Lightening Techniques • Three-Point Lighting: This is a standard technique involving: •Key Light: The main light source that defines the subject. •Fill Light: A softer light that fills in shadows created by the key light. •Back Light: Positioned behind the subject, it creates depth and separates the subject from the background. Lightening techniques • High-Key vs. Low-Key Lighting: •High-Key Lighting: Bright overall lighting with minimal shadows, often used in comedies or uplifting scenes. •Low-Key Lighting: Dramatic lighting with strong contrasts and deep shadows, typical in thrillers or horror genres. Lightening techniques • Natural vs. Artificial Lighting: • Natural lighting mimics sunlight, while artificial lighting is produced by man-made sources. Understanding both helps create realistic environments. Understanding shadows • Discuss the importance of shadows in adding realism and depth to a 3D scene: •Hard Shadows: Produced by direct light sources; they are sharp and well-defined, adding contrast. •Soft Shadows: Created by area lights or multiple light sources, they are diffused and add a more natural feel to the scene. How can we achieve this? With the help of point light Introduction to rendering • Rendering is the process of generating a final image or animation from a 3D scene, integrating all elements (models, textures, lights). • difference between: •Real-Time Rendering: Used in video games where speed is crucial. Graphics are processed quickly for immediate feedback. •Offline Rendering: Used in animations and films where quality is prioritized over speed. This involves complex calculations for a highly detailed output. Primary rendering engines in blender • Eevee: A real-time render engine that offers speed but may compromise on some details.
• Cycles: A ray-tracing render engine that produces high-
quality, realistic images, ideal for final outputs. settings • essential render settings in Blender: • Resolution: Determines the size and clarity of the rendered image. Higher resolutions provide more detail but increase render times. • Output Formats: Explain the importance of selecting appropriate file formats (e.g., PNG, JPEG, TIFF) based on the project's needs. • Sampling: Refers to the number of rays cast to calculate lighting and shadows. Higher samples result in cleaner images but longer render times. • Sampling involves measuring the amount of light that reaches a point on a surface in the scene. This is done by tracing rays of light from the camera and gathering information about how they interact with the objects they encounter. • The more samples taken, the more accurate the representation of light, shadows, and colors will be, resulting in a higher-quality image. Usually used for noise free renders Practical Example
• Consider rendering a scene with a shiny surface, such
as a reflective metal ball. •Low Sampling Rate: If the sampling rate is low, the reflections on the ball may appear noisy or lack detail, resulting in an unrealistic appearance. •High Sampling Rate: By increasing the sampling rate, you take more samples of light reflecting off the ball, resulting in smoother reflections and a more realistic appearance. Post processing • Post-processing refers to the stage in rendering where additional effects, color adjustments, and final touches are applied to a rendered image or animation after the main rendering is complete. This phase enhances the visual quality of the output by fine-tuning it with various visual effects and corrections. It allows for greater creative flexibility without having to re-render the entire scene, which can be time-consuming. Key Aspects of Post-Processing: • Color Correction and Grading •Color Correction: Adjusts the overall color balance, contrast, and brightness of the image to ensure proper tonal balance. For example, if an image looks too dark or the colors feel washed out, color correction can fix these issues. •Color Grading: This goes beyond basic correction to give the image a specific mood or cinematic look. It adjusts the tones and color palette to achieve the desired atmosphere—such as warm and vibrant for a sunrise scene or cool and desaturated for a dystopian world. Key Aspects of Post-Processing: • Compositing •Compositing is the process of combining multiple rendered elements, layers, or images into a single, unified image. For example, different passes (like shadows, ambient occlusion, reflections, etc.) can be rendered separately and then composited together in post-processing. •In complex scenes or animations, compositing allows for better control over individual elements (like characters, objects, and backgrounds), making it easier to tweak specific aspects without rerendering the entire scene. • More on composting • https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=W5KqXPCKBuI&list=PL42jVR586kLnueyPxvZ9MkK4dz RSZyJ2f Compositi ng properties
