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Chemical bond
Achemical bond is the force that holds the atoms of a
molecule together, as in a compound. Condition necessary for chemical change 1)Mixing:- direct mixing in solid state example= iodine and phosphorous react explosively
2)Solution:- mixing in aqueous state
Example :- 3)Heat :- some compound decomposes on heat
4)Light:- reaction take place in presence of light called photochemical reaction 5)Electricity:-some compound break in presence of electricity
6)Pressure:-some compounds form only in high pressure
7)catalyst:-these are substance which increase or decrease the rate of reaction These are of 2 types
Positive catalyst:- catalyst which increase rate of reaction
Negative catalyst:- catalyst which decrease rate of reaction
Characteristic of chemical reaction
1)evolution of gas :- gas is formed as product in chemical reaction.
2) change in colour:-reactant colour is different from product.
Formation of precipitate:-insoluble solid substance formed in reaction is called precipitate
Change of state :- reactant state different from product
Effervescence : The formation of gas bubbles in a liquid during a
reaction is called effervescence. TYPES OF CHEMICAL CHANGE OR CHEMICAL REACTION 1. Direct combination (or synthesis) 2. Decomposition 3. Displacement 4. Double decomposition Direct combination
2 or more reactant form single product
Synthesis:-2 element combine to form compound
Decompostion reaction
A single compound breaks down into two or more simpler
substances.
It can take place in heat , light or electricity
Thermal decomposition :- decomposition reaction take place in presence of heat Thermal dissolution
when reversible and decomposition reaction take
place only by heat Decomposition by electricity Decomposition by light Displacement reaction
One element replaces another in a compound.
More reactive metal replace less reactive metal from its compound Double decomposition reaction
Two compounds in a solution react to form two new
compounds by exchange of radicals. also called double displacement reaction. Double decomposition reaction are of 2 types 1)Precipitation reaction:- two compounds in their aqueous state react to form a precipitate as one of the products 2)neutralization reaction :- acid and base react to forms salt and water Hydrolysis :
Itis the process in which a salt and water react to
form an acidic or a basic solution. Chemical energy
Fixed energy stored in body
Exothermic reaction Reaction in which energy(heat) is released It cause rise in temperature Ex formation of water
Formation of ammonia Endothermic reaction Reaction in which energy(heat) is absorbed It cause fall in temperature Example i)
ii) Reversible reaction
chemical reactions that can proceed in both
directions under suitable conditions. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION
reaction that occurs with absorption of light energy.
Example :- photosynthesis ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION
reaction that occurs with absorption of electrical
