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    359167 Organic Synthesis Activity 1

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    Pruthvik Pradeep

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    359167 Organic Synthesis Activity 1

    Uploaded by

    Pruthvik Pradeep
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1 views14 pages

    359167 Organic Synthesis Activity 1

    Uploaded by

    Pruthvik Pradeep

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 14

    © OCR 2017

    A Level Chemistry A
    Topic Exploration Pack – Organic Synthesis

    Identifying functional groups

    © OCR 2017
    • At A Level there are many functional groups to
    recognise and memorise. One way to deal with this
    large amount of information is to break it into chunks.

    • On the following slides, the functional groups have


    been grouped with other similar groups.

    • The names of the groups (like ‘simple functional


    groups’) are not official titles. They are just a
    reference for this activity, and you don’t need to learn
    them.
    © OCR 2017
    Simple functional groups
    Type of Functional group Type of Functional group
    compound compound
    Alkene C=C Amine –NH2

    Alcohol –OH Nitro compound –NO2

    Haloalkane –Cl; –Br; –I Nitrile –CN

    Alkenes include a double bond. The other groups are


    attached to the carbon chain or a benzene ring.
    © OCR 2017
    Simple carbonyls
    Type of compound Functional group

    Aldehyde O
    R C
    H

    Ketone O
    C 1
    R R

    These have an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon,


    which itself is bonded to only carbon and/or hydrogen.

    © OCR 2017
    Compound carbonyls
    Type of compound Functional group
    Carboxylic acid O
    R C
    OH
    O
    Acyl chloride
    R C
    Cl
    Cl
    O
    1° amide
    R C
    NH2

    These have an oxygen atom double bonded to a carbon, which


    is bonded to another atom other than carbon or oxygen.

    © OCR 2017
    Bridging groups
    Type of compound Functional group
    O
    Ester
    R C
    1
    O R

    2° amide (peptide) O
    R C
    1
    NH R
    Acid anhydride O O
    C C
    R O R

    Here, a carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to


    another atom other than carbon or hydrogen. This atom in turn
    is bonded to another carbon chain.

    © OCR 2017
    Organic salts
    Functional group Diagram

    Carboxylate salt O
    R C
    - +
    O Na

    - +
    Phenoxide salt O Na

    These have a metal ion bonded to an oxygen ion. The metal is


    most commonly sodium.

    © OCR 2017
    Aromatics / arenes
    CH3

    CH3

    H3C

    These contain a benzene ring, often with alkyl groups or other


    functional groups attached.
    © OCR 2017
    Phenols
    OH

    OH OH

    CH3
    CH3
    H3C

    These contain a benzene ring with a –OH group directly


    attached, often with other alkyl groups or functional groups
    © OCR 2017
    attached.
    Identifying the groups
    • When given a complex unknown molecule it is
    important to be able to rule out certain groups to
    make identifying it easier.

    • The following flow chart should help you to reduce


    the number of options down quickly.

    • The blue boxes are key questions to help you rule


    certain options in or out.

    © OCR 2017
    Is there a benzene Yes Is there a –OH
    Yes
    directly attached? Phenols
    ring?

    No
    No
    Aromatics
    Does the main chain
    contain anything but Yes Bridging
    carbon? groups

    No
    Does the carbon
    have any other
    Does it have a C=O Yes groups Yes Compound
    bond attached? carbonyls

    No
    No
    Simple
    Simple
    carbonyls
    functional
    © OCR 2017
    groups
    Tasks
    • The worksheet contains pictures of molecules.
    For each molecule you need to identify all of the
    functional groups.

    • For an extra challenge, have a go at naming the


    basic compounds.

    • The advanced molecules are intended to have


    some discussion points for the group.

    © OCR 2017
    Thank you for using
    this OCR resource

    Other OCR resources are available


    at www.ocr.org.uk

    To give us feedback on, or ideas about the OCR resources you have used, email resourcesfeedback@ocr.org.uk

    OCR Resources: the small print


    OCR’s resources are provided to support the teaching of OCR specifications, but in no way constitute an endorsed teaching method that is required by the Board,
    and the decision to use them lies with the individual teacher. Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the content, OCR cannot be held responsible
    for any errors or omissions within these resources.
    © OCR 2017 - This resource may be freely copied and distributed, as long as the OCR logo and this message remain intact and OCR is acknowledged as the
    originator of this work.

    © OCR 2017

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