Project yushaaaaaa

Forces :)
By Yusha Hashir & Jazib

Forces?
 A force is a vector quantity(having

both magnitude and direction)
Examples:
 Its SI unit is Newton (N)
• Opening a door
 A force can be a pull or push that • Kicking a ball
one object exerts on another.

• Lifting a weight
Force can produce, slow
down/speed up or stop motion. • Pulling a Wagon
• Braking a Car
• Typing on a
keyboard
• Climbing a rope
Types of forces
Contact forces Non contact forces

Normal Gravitational Magnetic
Friction Tension Force
Electric forces
reaction Force
Effect of force on a motion of body
In each of the 4 scenarios,

when a force is applied on a
object, there is a change in
velocity (speed & direction)
over a period of time, meaning
there is acceleration or
deceleration
What if an objects Addition of vectors
acceleration is
zero?
Zero acceleration implies that the As force is a vector quantity and when we add
object may be stationary or moving 2 vectors together, we cannot only add their
with constant velocity. Even though magnitudes. We need to find a resultant vector
the acceleration is zero, it doesn’t that produces the same effect of the 2 vectors
mean forces aren’t acting out on it combined and the resultant vector must be
but its just that the resultant of equivalent to the individual vectors in terms of
these forces are zero magnitude and direction.
Even when we are

motionless on a
weighing scale, it
still measures a
force acting out
on us
How to find resultant
force
1:
In the diagrams shown to the left ,
the magnitude is represented by the
3N + 5N = 8N (same direction) newton values shown while the
direction of where these forces are
2: applied are shown by the arrows
5N – 3N = 2N (opposite direction)
3:
3N – 3N = 0 (opposite direction but equal

magnitude)
Newtons First Law  Newtons first law of motion states
that every object will continue in its
(Law of Inertia) state of rest or uniform motion is a

straight line unless a resultant force
acts on it (2 examples shown below)
The table exerts a upward A force f is applied on a book and it moves in

force(a normal reaction) a straight line across a rough table. The size
that pushes on the book. of the applied force is equal to the frictional
F is equal to W force f between the book and the table
Table exerts Book sliding across a surface at constant velocity
normal
reaction F
on book F F
f
f
Table
Resultant Force
Weight of book
W
These 2 forces are equal but act in opposite Since the 2 forces are equal but act in opposite
directions. Hence the resultant force is zero and the directions, the resultant force acting on the book
book remains stationary. As the book is at rest, its remains zero, and the book continues moving at a
Newtons Second Law  Newton's second law of motion states that when a
resultant force acts on an object of constant mass,
(Unbalanced forces) the object will accelerate in the direction of the

resultant force. The product of the mass and the
acceleration of the object gives the resultant force.
If the applied force f is now If the applied Force f is now

increased, the forces that act removed while the book is still in
on the book are no longer motion (figure 2), friction is the
balanced, and the book resultant force that causes the
accelerates (figure 1) book to decelerate and
Push F eventually stop
Friction
Friction
Tabl (figure Table

(figure 1) e
2)
Second Law of Motion In Symbols
Newton's second law of motion tells us

that
1. A resultant force F on an object
produces an acceleration a.
2. Doubling the resultant force on an
object doubles its acceleration a.
3. With the same resultant force F
doubling the mass M halves the
acceleration a.
Newtons Third Law
 Newtons 3rd law of motion states that for every action, there is an
and opposite reaction and they act on mutually opposite bodies
4 Characteristics of forces told
by Newtons 3rd Law
i. Force always occurs in pairs. Each pair is made up of an action and a reaction.
ii. Action and reaction are equal in magnitude
iii. Action and reaction act in opposite direction
iv. Action and reaction act on mutually opposite bodies
Friction
 Friction is the contact force that opposes or tends to oppose motion

b/w surfaces in contact.
 Friction opposes b/w surfaces in contact. It is the result of
irregularities of the surface.
How frictions affects us?
Positive effects Negatives effects

 We can walk without slipping  Cars are less efficient by upto
 20%
Moving vehicles are able to
slow down when needed  Moving parts in motors,
machines and engines suffer
wear and tear.
Reducing Negative & Increasing
Positive effects of Friction
Negative Positive
 Wheels, since they are in circular  Friction are important for vehicles
shape friction b/w the ground is as without friction the tires would
greatly reduced. just spin, friction enables the tires
to grip the road surface.
 Ball bearings are b/w parts of
 Air resistance is a type of friction in
motors, machines etc. preventing
air and for a diver to slow down he
them from rubbing each other
uses his parachute which due to its
reducing the wear and tear.
large surface area increases air
 Applying layer of lubricants like resistance.
oil or grease greatly reduces  Rock climbers usually have to grip
friction as polishing the surface the rock surface and chalk gives
removes irregularities them a better grip by absorbing the
perspiration (sweat).
Free Fall Diagrams
Free Body Diagrams are a visual

representation of individual forces
acting out on an object using arrows
Used to analyze force affecting
individual objects
https://youtu.be/-w6oW1ut4Dw?
si=ld82pLCyJ5GsqhVD

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Forces :)

By Yusha Hashir & Jazib

 A force is a vector quantity(having

Contact forces Non contact forces

In each of the 4 scenarios,

Even when we are

3N – 3N = 0 (opposite direction but equal

(Law of Inertia) state of rest or uniform motion is a

The table exerts a upward A force f is applied on a book and it moves in

(Unbalanced forces) the object will accelerate in the direction of the

If the applied force f is now If the applied Force f is now

Tabl (figure Table

Newton's second law of motion tells us

 Friction is the contact force that opposes or tends to oppose motion

Positive effects Negatives effects

Free Body Diagrams are a visual

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