EDU 011

The Teaching Profession

DAY 2
QUALITIES OF A
GOOD TEACHER
Bilbao P., 2015 On Becoming 21st Century
Teacher
QUALITIES OF A GOOD TEACHER
QUALITIES OF A GOOD TEACHER

● INTELLIGENCE – ability to make sound decision, analyze,

make judgment, make solutions, possess HOTS, and other
types of intelligence.
● COMPASSION – natural quality to empathize, to feel what
others feel, to be tolerant of others.
● EMOTIONAL STABILITY – ability to be calm under
pressure, cheerful and optimistic, level headed.
● INNOVATIVENESS – natural tendency to create new things,
modify existing ones, imaginative, finds solutions to
problems quickly, makes use of available materials.
PERSONAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD
TEACHER
● FAIRNESS – natural attribute to look at both sides of the issue
before making judgment, gives equal chances for both sides to
be heard, removes personal biases.
● SELF-CONFIDENCE – natural tendency to feel “I Can Do It”,
works alone, determined to succeed.
● COOPERATIVENESS – natural action to work together with
others, willing to share.
● BOUYANCY – ability to survive in difficult situation, balances life,
optimistic and cheerful.
● RELIABILITY – attribute demonstrated by dependability,
sincerity and honesty
 What is your
definition of BEST
TEACHER?
DAY 3
The Teaching as a
Profession
Bilbao et.al., The Teaching Profession
LEGAL BASES OF
TEACHING
PROFESSION
LEGAL BASES OF TEACHING
PROFESSION
● 1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
● Batas Pambansa 232
● Republic Act 7836 and R.A 9293 (amendment
for 7836)
● Republic Act 10533 (will serve as an assignment)
● Republic Act 4670
● The Code of Ethics for Professional
Teaching
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
The 1987 Philippine Constitution lays down the foundation of
the Philippine education system and protects the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels. Article XIV of the
1987 Philippine Constitution provides the general
framework for education in the country. It shows how
the state recognizes the importance of education, science
and technology, cultural development, and sports and
wellness in the life of the state and of the people. Article XIV
embodies the utopian and economic goal for education in the
Philippines.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Section 1 presents the enduring commitment of the
Philippines to provide quality education to all its citizens-
a commitment to build a nation with functionally literate,
educated, and productive citizens. It is a statement that
shows how the country values the education and
development of its citizens.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Section 2 discusses the commitment of the state to provide
access to quality education to all-levels, from preschool
to tertiary. It elucidates the function of the state to develop
an education system that focuses on formal education,
non-formal education, alternative learning system, and
indigenous learning system. To support this provision,
Section 2 states that the state will provide
financial assistance and efficient student-support
system to deserving students.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Section 3 provides a framework for enduring values,
knowledge, and skills that need to be emphasized in all the
contents of the curriculum.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Section 4 provides guidelines in the establishment and
management of educational institutions in the country. It emphasizes
that all educational institutions, other than those established by religious
groups and mission boards, shall be owned solely by the citizens of the
Philippines, or in the case of corporations and associations, at least a
majority of the shares (60%) should be owned by Filipino citizens.
Section 5 reiterates the need to consider regional and sectoral needs and
conditions in the planning and development of educational policies. It
enshrines the spirit of academic freedom for tertiary education, the
right of citizens to choose their profession or field of study, the right of
teachers and school personnel to professional advancement and
putting the highest budgetary support to education.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Sections 6 to 9 focus on the development and promotion of
Filipino as the national language and as medium of instruction.
These sections also recognize the importance of other local and foreign
languages.
Sections 10 to 13 focus on the importance and promotion of science
and technology in the Philippines. It reiterates the importance of
developing a culture of science and innovation among the Filipino people.
Sections 14 to 18 discuss the development and promotion of
Filipino culture, which includes various cultural practices, traditions,
beliefs, and indigenous knowledge of the different cultural groups and
regions in the country.
Section 19 provides the framework for promoting and developing sports
programs for the well-being of the Filipino people.
1987 Republic of the Philippine
Constitution
Sections 6 to 9 focus on the development and promotion of
Filipino as the national language and as medium of instruction.
These sections also recognize the importance of other local and foreign
languages.
Sections 10 to 13 focus on the importance and promotion of science
and technology in the Philippines. It reiterates the importance of
developing a culture of science and innovation among the Filipino people.
Sections 14 to 18 discuss the development and promotion of
Filipino culture, which includes various cultural practices, traditions,
beliefs, and indigenous knowledge of the different cultural groups and
regions in the country.
Section 19 provides the framework for promoting and developing sports
programs for the well-being of the Filipino people.
Republic Act 232
Republic Act 232, otherwise known as the
Education Act of 1982, was signed into law by the
then President Ferdinand E. Marcos. Sections 10,
11, and 16 of this law are helpful in
understanding the rights and duties of
teachers.
SEC 2. This Act shall apply to and govern both
formal and non-formal systems in public and
private schools in all levels of the entire
Republic Act 232 (SECTION 10)

Section 10. Rights of all School Personnel.

In addition to other rights provided for by law, all school personnel shall enjoy
the following rights:

1. The right to free expression of opinion and suggestions, and to

effective channels of communication with appropriate academic and
administrative bodies of the school or institution.
2. The right to be provided with free legal service by the appropriate
government office in the case of public school personnel, and through the
school authorities concerned in the case of private school personnel, when
charged in an administrative, civil and/or criminal proceedings by
parties other than the school or regulatory authorities concerned for
actions committed directly in the lawful discharge of professional duties
and/or in defense of school policies.
Republic Act 232 (SECTION 10)

3. The right to establish, join, and maintain labor organizations and/or

professional and self-regulating organizations of their choice to promote their
welfare and defend their interests.
4. The right to be free from involuntary contributions except those
imposed by their own organizations.
Republic Act 232 (SECTION 11)

Section 11. Special Rights and/or Privileges of Teaching or Academic

Staff. Further to the rights mentioned in the preceding Section, every
member of the teaching or academic staff shall enjoy the following rights
and/or privileges:
1. The right to be free from compulsory assignments not related to their
duties as defined in their appointments or employment contracts, unless
compensated therefore, conformably to existing law.
2. The right to intellectual property consistent with applicable law
3. Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when in the discharge or
lawful duties and responsibilities, and shall, therefore, be accorded due
respect and protection.
4. Teachers shall be accorded the opportunity to choose alternative
career lines either in school administration, in classroom teaching, or
others, for purposes of career advancement.
Republic Act 232 (SECTION 16)

Section 16. Teacher's Obligations.

Every teacher shall:
1. Perform his duties to the school by discharging his responsibilities in accordance with
the philosophy, goals, and objectives of the school.
2. Be accountable for the efficient and effective attainment of specified learning
objectives in pursuance of national development goals within the limits of available
school resources.
3. Render regular reports on the performance of each student and to the latter and the
latter's parents and guardians, with specific suggestions for improvement.
4. Assume the responsibility to maintain and sustain his professional growth and
advancement and maintain professionalism in his behavior at all times.
5. Refrain from making deductions in students scholastic rating for acts that are clearly
not manifestations of poor scholarship.
6. Participate as an agent of constructive social, economic, moral, intellectual, cultural,
and political change in his school and the community within the context of national
policies.
Republic Act 7836
The government has long recognized the vital role of teachers in the development of
the nation. However, it was only when then President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued
Presidential Decree 1006 on September 22, 1976 when the National Board for
Teachers was formally organized. This was the first board to supervise the
teaching profession in the country. All teachers back then have to take the
Professional Board Exam for Teachers (PBET).
On December 16, 1994, through the enactment of Republic Act 7836, a law entitled
"An Act to Strengthen the Regulation and Supervision of the Practice
of Teaching in the Philippines and Prescribing a Licensure Examination
for Teachers and for Other Purposes, otherwise known as the "Philippine
Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994," dictated that regulation and licensing of
teachers was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Professional Regulations
Commission (PRC). This made the teaching profession or teachers equal or at par
with other professionals such as medical doctors, engineers, lawyers, and nurses,
among others. R.A. 7836 also includes the supervision and regulation
of the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET). It covers all teachers in
all levels of education, from preschool to secondary, whether part-time or full-
Republic Act 7836
Article I provides the statement of policy, objectives, and definitions of important
terms used in the law.
Article II discuss the composition and functions of the board for professional teachers.
It also includes necessary qualifications of the members of the board
Article III explains the examination and registration rules and procedures. It
provides information on the following areas: Scope of Examination, Qualification
Requirements of Applicants, Report of the Results of the Examination, Issuance of
Certificate of Registration and Professional Licensee, Oath Before Practice, Periodic
Merit Examination of Teachers, Failure to Pass the Merit Examination, Incentives for
Passing the LET, Integration of the Teaching Profession, Revocation of the Certificate of
Registration, Suspension from the Practice of the Teaching Profession, and Cancellation
of Temporary or Special Permit, Registration Procedures.

This Law recognizes the vital contributions of teachers in nation building and
development. Teachers are responsible for the development of good and literate
citizens. It is the role of the state to ensure quality education among all its
citizens by professionalizing the practice of the teaching profession in the
Republic Act 9223
This Law is an amendment of certain sections of RA 7836 (Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994). The Congress enacted this amendment on April 21,
2004. The following are the amendments done:

Section 15, (e) (3) of Republic Act No. 7836“

SEC. 15. Qualification Requirements of Applicants No applicant shall be admitted to take the
examination unless, on the date of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the following
requirements: (e) A graduate of a school, college, or university recognized by the government and
possesses the minimum educational qualifications, as follows:
1. For teachers in preschool, a bachelor's degree in early childhood education (BECED) or its
equivalent.
2. For teachers in the elementary grades, a bachelor's degree in elementary
education(BSEED) or its equivalents
3. For teachers in the secondary grades, a bachelor's degree in education or its equivalent with a
major and minor, or a bachelor’s degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen (18) units in
professional education; and
4. For teachers of vocational and two-year technical courses, a bachelor's degree in the field of
specialization or its equivalent, with at least eighteen (18) units in professional education."
Republic Act 9223

SEC. 2. Section 26 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 26. Registration and Exception. -No person shall engage in teaching and/or
act as a professional teacher as defined in this Act, whether in the preschool,
elementary, or secondary level, unless the person is a duly registered
professional teacher, and a holder of a valid certificate of registration and a
valid professional license or a holder of a valid special/temporary permit
upon approval of the application and payment of the prescribed fees, the
certificate of registration and professional license as a professional teacher shall be
issued without examination as required in this Act to a qualified applicant, who is:

(a) A holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service

Commission and the Department of Education, Culture and Sports; or(b) A registered
professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) pursuant to Presidential Decree
No. 1006.
Republic Act 9223

Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past five (5) years
shall take at least twelve (12) units of education courses, consisting of at least six (6)
units of pedagogy and six (6) units of content courses, or the equivalent training and
number of hours, to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by the Board and
the Department of Education, before they can be allowed to practice their profession in
the country. Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional teachers,
with a rating of not lower than five percentage points from the passing general average
rating, shall be eligible as para-teachers upon issuance by the Board of a Two-year
special permit, renewable for a non-extendible period of two (2) years. The para-
teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or absence of a
professional teacher, as identified and provided by the Department of Education and
the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) education department to the
Board for professional teachers and to the Commission. The special permit shall
indicate the area of assignment of the para-teacher. A special permit may also be
issued by the Board to a person who has excelled and gained international recognition
and is a widely acknowledged expert in his or her respective field of
specialization."
Republic Act 9223

SEC. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5)
years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers before the
effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein:
Provided, that only special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed
upon expiration for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.

"SEC. 4, References to the term "Department of Education, Culture and

Sports," in section 4(a) and section 25, and the term "DECS in section 20, of the same
Act, are hereby amended to read as“ Department of Education and "DepEd"
respectively
Republic Act 9223

SEC. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5)
years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers before the
effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein:
Provided, that only special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed
upon expiration for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.

"SEC. 4, References to the term "Department of Education, Culture and

Sports," in section 4(a) and section 25, and the term "DECS in section 20, of the same
Act, are hereby amended to read as“ Department of Education and "DepEd"
respectively
Republic Act 9223

SEC. 3. Section 31 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:

SEC. 31. Transitory Provision. Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5)
years, issued to para-teachers by the Board for Professional Teachers before the
effectivity of this Act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein:
Provided, that only special permits with a validity of three (3) years may be renewed
upon expiration for a non-extendible period of two (2) years.

"SEC. 4, References to the term "Department of Education, Culture and

Sports," in section 4(a) and section 25, and the term "DECS in section 20, of the same
Act, are hereby amended to read as“ Department of Education and "DepEd"
respectively
Republic Act 10533

Because of the implementation of Republic Act 10533, otherwise known as the

"Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013," the government recognized the need to hire
more professionals from different fields to serve as teachers, especially in Grades 11
and 12. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 26, 27, and 28 of Republic Act 7836,
the Department of Education and all private schools may hire:

Graduates of science, mathematics, statistics, engineering, music, and other

degree courses with shortages in qualified Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET)
applicants to teach in their specialized subjects in the elementary and secondary
education. Qualified LET applicants shall also include 'graduates admitted by
foundations duly recognized for their expertise in the education sector and who
satisfactorily complete the requirements set by these organizations: Provided, that they
pass the LET within five (5) years after their date of hiring: Provided, further, that it
such graduates are willing to teach on part-time basis, the provisions of LET shall no
longer be required.
Republic Act 10533

2. Graduates of technical-vocational courses to teach in their specialized

subjects in the secondary education: Provided, that these graduates possess the
necessary certification issued by the TESDA: Provided, further, that they undergo
appropriate in-service training to be administered by the DepEd or higher education
institutions (HEIS) at the expense of the DepEd.3. Faculty of Hel’s be allowed to teach in
their general education or subject specialties in the secondary education: Provided, that
the faculty must be a holder of a relevant bachelor’s degree and must have
satisfactorily served as a full-time HEl faculty.4. The DepEd and private education
institutions may hire practitioners, with expertise in the specialized learning areas
offered by the Basic Education Curriculum, to teach in the secondary level: Provided,
that they teach on a part-time basis only. For this purpose, the DepEd, in coordination
with the appropriate government agencies, shall determine the necessary qualification
standards in hiring these experts.
EDU 011
The Teaching Profession
Republic Act of 4670
Former President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Republic Act 4670 (The Magna Carta for
Public School Teachers) during the first part of his term as president of the
Philippines. This Law is very important in the history of the teaching profession in the
Philippines. As stipulated in Section 1 of this Law, this Act aims:

To promote and improve the social and economic status of public school teachers, their
living and working conditions, their terms of employment and career
prospects in order that they may compare favorably with existing opportunities in
other walks of life, attract and retain in the teaching profession more people with the
proper qualifications, it being recognized that advance in education depends on the
qualifications and ability of the teaching staff and that education is an essential factor
in the economic growth of the nation as a productive investment of vital importance.
Republic Act of 4670
Special provisions in this Act include the following:
Sec. 5. Tenure of Office. Stability on employment and security of tenure
shall be assured the teachers as provided under existing laws.
Subject to the provisions of Section three hereof, teachers
appointed on a provisional status for lack of necessary civil
service eligibility shall be extended permanent appointment for the
position he is holding after having rendered at least ten years of continuous,
efficient, and faithful service in such position.
Sec.6. Consent for Transfer Transportation Expenses. Except for
cause and as herein otherwise provided, no teacher shall be transferred
without his consent from one station to another. Where the exigencies of the
service require the transfer of a teacher from one station to another, the
school superintendent who shall previously notify the teacher concerned of
the transfer and the reason or reasons therefor may affect such transfer.
Republic Act of 4670

If the teacher believes there is no justification for the transfer, he may appeal his
case to the Director of Public Schools or the Director of Vocational
Education, as the case may be. Pending his appeal and the decision thereon, his
transfer shall be held in abeyance: Provided, however, that no transfers whatever shall
be made three months before any local or national election. The Government shall pay
for necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his family if his transfer is finally
approved.
Sec. 7. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers. Within six months from the
approval of this Act, the Secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare a Code of
Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers. A copy of the Code shall be furnished
each teacher: Provided, however, that where this is not possible by reason of
inadequate fiscal resources of the department of Education, at least three copies of the
same Code shall be deposited with the office of the school principal or head teacher
where they may be accessible for use by the teachers.
Republic Act of 4670

Sec. 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary Procedure. Every teacher shall enjoy

equitable safeguards at each stage of any disciplinary procedure and shall have
a. The right to be informed, in writing, of the charges.
b. The right to full access to the evidence in the case.
c. The right to defend himself and to be defended by a representative of his choice
and/or by his organization, with adequate time being given to the teacher for the
preparation of his defense; and
d. The right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.
e. No publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action being taken against a teacher
during the pendency of his case
Republic Act of 4670

Sec. 9. Administrative Charges. Administrative charges against a teacher shall be

heard initially by a committee composed of the corresponding School Superintendent of
the Division or a duly authorized representative who should at least have the rank of a
division supervisor, where the teacher belongs, as chairman, a representative of the
local or, in its absence, any existing provincial or national teacher's organization and a
supervisor of the Division, the last two to be designated by the Director of Public
Schools. The committee shall submit its findings and recommendations to the Director
of Public Schools within thirty days from the termination of the hearings: Provided,
however, that where the school superintendent is the complainant or an interested
party, all the members of the committee shall be appointed by the Secretary of
Education.

Sec. 10. No Discrimination. There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in entrance

to the teaching profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of
services, based on other than professional consideration.
Republic Act of 4670

Sec. 11 Married Teachers. Whenever possible, the proper authorities shall take all
steps to enable married couples, both of whom are public school teachers, to be
employed in the same locality.
Sec. 12 Academic Freedom. Teachers shall enjoy academic freedom in the discharge
of their professional duties, particularly with regard to teaching and classroom methods.
Sec. 13. Teaching Hours. Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall
not be required to render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which
shall be so scheduled as to give him time for the preparation and correction of exercises
and other work incidental to his normal teaching duties: Provided, however, that where
the exigencies of the service so require, any teacher may be required to render
more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual classroom
teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same rate as his
regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five percent of his basic pay
Republic Act of 4670

Sec. 14. Additional Compensation. Notwithstanding any provision of existing law to

the contrary, co-curricular and out of school activities and any other activities outside of
what is defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an additional
compensation of at least twenty-five percent of his regular remuneration after the
teacher has completed at least six hours of actual classroom teaching a day.
In the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged in actual classroom
instruction, any work performed in excess of eight hours a day shall be
paid an additional compensation of at least twenty-five percent of their regular
remuneration. The agencies utilizing the services of teachers shall pay the
additional compensation required under this section. Education authorities shall
refuse to allow the rendition of services of teachers for other government agencies
without the assurance that the teachers shall be paid the remuneration provided for
under this section.
Republic Act of 4670

Section 15 to Section 19 discuss the criteria for salaries and other benefits or allowances for
teachers. These allowances include Cost of Living Allowance (COLA) to help teachers augment
their income and cope up with the increasing cost of living. Also included is a Special Hardship
Allowances for teachers assigned in areas where they are exposed to hardships such as
difficulty in commuting to their place or work or other hazards peculiar to their place of
employment. In Section 22 of this Act, a compulsory annual medical examination is required,
and it shall be provided free of charge for all teachers before they take up teaching, and once a
year during the teacher's professional life. An important provision was also stipulated in Section
23whereby all teachers are protected against the consequences of employment injuries which
include the effects of physical and nervous strain on the teacher's health. R.A. 4670 also
provides opportunities for teachers to avail and enjoy study leave for those who wish to pursue
graduate studies and special trainings in the country or abroad (Section 24). The Law also
provides indefinite leave for teachers who may be required to take long treatment for some
serious illness (Sec. 25). The law also stipulates that all public school teachers, having fulfilled
the age and service requirements of the applicable retirement laws, shall be given one-range
salary raise upon retirement, which shall be the basis of the computation of the lump sum of
their retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter (Section 26).
Republic Act of 4670

As professionals, teachers are free either to form an organization or to join any local,
national, or international organizations (Sec. 27). Their choice of organization may vary
based on their interests and specialization. Section 28 protects public school teachers
from any form of discrimination such as the following:
a. Make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that he/she shall not join
an organization or shall relinquish membership in an organization.
b. Cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason of his/her
membership in an organization or because of participation in organization activities
outside school hours, or with the consent of the proper school authorities, within school
hours; and
c. Prevent him/her from carrying out the duties laid upon him/her by his/her position in
the organization, or to penalize him/her for an action undertaken in that capacity
The Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers
In 1997, the Board of Professional Teachers adopted the
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers in the Philippines.
This is to implement certain provisions of R.A. No. 7836,
otherwise known as the Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994 and paragraph (a), section 6,
P.D. No. 223 as amended. This Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers is essential in mentoring new teachers and in
ensuring that all teachers should practice their
profession with utmost dedication and professionalism.
THE TEACHING AS PROFESSION
"all persons engaged in classroom teaching, in
any level of instruction, on full-time basis, including "all persons engaged in teaching at the
guidance counselors, school librarians, industrial elementary and secondary levels, whether on
arts or vocational instructors, and all other persons full-time or part-time basis, including industrial
performing supervisory and/or administrative arts or vocational teachers and all other persons
functions in all schools, colleges and universities performing supervisory and/or administrative
operated by the Government or its political functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and
subdivisions; but shall not include school nurses, qualified to practice teaching under this Act."
school physicians, school dentists, and other
school employees." Republic Act No. 7836
Republic Act No. 4670

“licensed professional who possesses dignity and

reputation with high moral values as well as "all persons engaged in actual teaching and/or
technical and professional competence... he/she research assignments, either on full-time or part-
adheres to, observes and practices a set of time basis, in all levels of the educational system."
ethical, and moral principles, standard and
values.” Batas Pambansa Blg. 232
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
ELEMENTS OF A PROFESSION
PROFESSION & PROFFESIONAL

Type of job that requires special training and that

brings a high status.

A person who has competent skill and observe

high standards in the job or activity he or she
does and abides by the code of ethics.
FIN