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2. Introduction to Java

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8 views

2. Introduction to Java

Uploaded by

jackson lymo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Introduction

to Java
Java
• Java is a high-level (object-
oriented) programming language
originally developed by Sun
Microsystems and released in
1995.
• Java is now maintained and
distributed by Oracle Corporation
since 2010.
• Java derives most of its syntax
© K.S.from
Mbise C and C++
Introductionprogramming
to Java Slide 2
Java cont…
• Java systems contain:
• Environment – hardware or
software environment in which a
program runs.
• Language – the Java language
itself
• APIs – Java class libraries
• Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 3
Advantages of Java
• Easy to learn
• Pure object-oriented language
• Extensive documentation
• Faster application development
because of code reuse
• Platform independence (Write
once, run anywhere)
• Automatic garbage collection
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 4
Writing Java application
• In Java, all codes must reside
inside a class.
• The name of a source file is very
important.
• By convention, the name of that
class should match the name of
the file that holds the program.

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 5


Writing Java application
cont…
• However, it is the name of the
public class that must match the
name of the Java source code file.
• A source code file uses the .java
filename extension.
• Java is case-sensitive.

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 6


Writing Java application
cont…
/* Simple Java application that displays
"Hello World!" */
public class Hello {
/*main method begins execution of
Java application*/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello
World!");
}
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 7
Writing Java application
cont…
• class – a keyword that precedes
the name of class
• public – means that the class
Hello and method main are
available to other classes and
objects
• static – means that main() is a
class method.
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 8
Writing Java application
cont…
• void – means that main() method
does not return a value
• main(String[] args) – a main
method that takes one parameter,
which is an array of strings.
• This argument is used for program
arguments.

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 9


Writing Java application
cont…
• println() is a built-in method used
for handling output
• System is a predefined class that
provides access to the system
• out is the output stream that is
connected to the console (monitor
or display screen)

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 10


Compiling/Running Java
application
• Assuming that you have typed
your Java program in IntelliJ IDEA
Community Edition IDE, follow
these steps:
• On menu bar, select Run  Run
FileName.

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 11


Compiling Java application
cont…
• Alternatively, use the following
steps:
• C:>\javac Hello.java (use
terminal for Linux) .
• The javac compiler creates a file
called Hello.class that contains
the bytecode version of the
program.
• To actually run program, you
must use Introduction
© K.S. Mbise the Java to Javainterpreter,
Slide 12
Compiling Java application
cont…
• C:>\java Hello
• The bytecode file name is written
without filename extension
• When Java source code is
compiled, each individual class is
put into its own output file named
after the class and using
the .class extension.

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 13


Main class and main
method
• A class that contains main
method is called main class.
• Each Java program must have
one class that has a main
method.
• The main method is the entry
point, which is used to start the
program by creating some
© K.S. objects
Mbise andIntroduction
invoking to Java their Slide 14
Comments in Java
• Comments make the code
readable
• Give comments wherever
necessary
• // – this is a single line (end-of-
line) of comments
• /* – this is a block of comments
(multiple-line) */
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 15
Syntax of Java class
• The syntax of a simple class
modifier class ClassName {
modifier data-type field1;
modifier data-type field2;
...
modifier data-type fieldN;
modifier return-type
methodName1(parameters){
//statements
}
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 16
Syntax of Java class cont…
modifier return-type
methodName2(parameters){
//statements
}
...
modifier return-type
methodN(parameters) {
//statements
}
© K.S.}Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 17
Data types
• Data types in Java are divided into
two categories - primitive types and
reference types (sometimes called
nonprimitive types).
• The primitive types are boolean,
byte, char, short, int, long, float and
double.
• All nonprimitive types are reference
types, so classes, which specify the
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 18
types of objects, are reference
Data types cont…
• Integers
• byte (8 bit)
• short (16 bit)
• int (32 bit)
• Floating-point numbers
• float (32 bit)
• double (64 bit)
• Characters (char, 8 bit)
• Booleans (boolean, true or false)
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 19
Variable definition
• modifier(s) DataType
VariableName = Value;
• Modifier(s) can be either access,
or non-access modifier.
• private int x = 5;
• boolean b;
• final int I = 8; //constant variable

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 20


Java conventions
• Class names start with an
uppercase
– MyClass
• Variable names start with a
lowercase
– myVariable
• Method names start with a
lowercase
© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 21
– myMethod
Java conventions cont…
• Final variables are always
capitalized (and initialized)
• E.g., final double PI = 3.1415;

• Always give meaningful names to


your variables, methods, and
classes.
• Use indentation where necessary

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 22


Thank you for listening!

© K.S. Mbise Introduction to Java Slide 23

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